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Large Dimensional Latent Factor Modeling with Missing Observations and Applications to Causal Inference

Ruoxuan Xiong, Markus Pelger

arXiv 18 Oct 2019 · Econometrics · publishedJournal of Econometrics (2022) · 63 citations (OpenAlex)

arXiv:1910.08273 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

This paper develops the inferential theory for latent factor models estimated from large dimensional panel data with missing observations. We propose an easy-to-use all-purpose estimator for a latent factor model by applying principal component analysis to an adjusted covariance matrix estimated from partially observed panel data. We derive the asymptotic distribution for the estimated factors, loadings and the imputed values under an approximate factor model and general missing patterns. The key application is to estimate counterfactual outcomes in causal inference from panel data. The unobserved control group is modeled as missing values, which are inferred from the latent factor model. The inferential theory for the imputed values allows us to test for individual treatment effects at any time under general adoption patterns where the units can be affected by unobserved factors.

Citation extraction

57
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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Bai and Ng (2002) Determining the number of factors in approximate factor models0.9568688%
2Bai (2003) Inferential theory for factor models of large dimensions0.87415767%
3Kang and Schafer (2007) Demystifying Double Robustness: A Comparison of Alternative Strategies for Estimating a Population Mean from Incomplete Data0.84333100%
4Bai and Ng (2021) Matrix completion, counterfactuals, and factor analysis of missing data0.81130553%
5Cahan, Bai, and Ng (2021) Factor-Based Imputation of Missing Values and Covariances in Panel Data of Large Dimensions0.73732100%
6Jin, Miao, and Su (2021) On factor models with random missing: EM estimation, inference, and cross validation0.66960630%
7Abadie, Diamond, and Hainmueller (2010) Synthetic control methods for comparative case studies: Estimating the effect of California's tobacco control program0.64422100%
8Abadie, Diamond, and Hainmueller (2015) Comparative politics and the synthetic control method0.64422100%
9Athey and Imbens (2021) Design-based analysis in difference-in-differences settings with staggered adoption0.64422100%
10Athey, Bayati, Doudchenko, Imbens, and Khosravi (2021) Matrix completion methods for causal panel data models0.64422100%

Showing the top 10 of 57 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1Target PCA: Transfer Learning Large Dimensional Panel Data0.897188
2Covariate-Adjusted Deep Causal Learning for Heterogeneous Panel Data Models0.81142
3Estimation of large approximate dynamic matrix factor models based on the EM algorithm and Kalman filtering0.64422
42402.116520.58531
5Controlling for Unmeasured Confounding in Panel Data Using Minimal Bridge Functions: From Two-Way Fixed Effects to Factor Models0.51162
6State-Varying Factor Models of Large Dimensions0.40511
7State-Building through Public Land Disposal? An Application of Matrix Completion for Counterfactual Prediction0.40511
8Quasi Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference .2cm of Large Approximate Dynamic Factor Models .2cm via the EM algorithm -.2cm0.40511
9How well can we learn large factor models without assuming strong factors?0.40511
10Recent Developments on Factor Models and its Applications in Econometric Learning0.40511