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Design-based Analysis in Difference-In-Differences Settings with Staggered Adoption

Susan Athey, Guido Imbens

arXiv 15 Aug 2018 · Econometrics · publishedJournal of Econometrics (2018) · 194 citations (OpenAlex)

arXiv:1808.05293 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

In this paper we study estimation of and inference for average treatment effects in a setting with panel data. We focus on the setting where units, e.g., individuals, firms, or states, adopt the policy or treatment of interest at a particular point in time, and then remain exposed to this treatment at all times afterwards. We take a design perspective where we investigate the properties of estimators and procedures given assumptions on the assignment process. We show that under random assignment of the adoption date the standard Difference-In-Differences estimator is is an unbiased estimator of a particular weighted average causal effect. We characterize the proeperties of this estimand, and show that the standard variance estimator is conservative.

Citation extraction

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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Sarah Abraham and Liyang Sun (2018) Estimating dynamic treatment effects in event studies with heterogeneous treatment effects1.000114100%
2Clément de Chaisemartin and Xavier D'Haultfuille (2018) Two-way fixed effects estimators with heterogeneous treatment effects1.00093100%
3Kirill Borusyak and Xavier Jaravel (2016) Revisiting event study designs0.92843100%
4Guido W Imbens and Donald B Rubin (2015) Causal Inference in Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences self0.92843100%
5Andrew Goodman-Bacon (2017) Difference-in-differences with variation in treatment timing0.87452100%
6Chad Hazlett and Yiqing Xu (2018) Trajectory balancing: A general reweighting approach to causal inference with time-series cross-sectional data0.84333100%
7Jerzey Neyman (1923) On the application of probability theory to agricultural experiments. essay on principles. section 90.84333100%
8Marianne Bertrand, Esther Duflo, and Sendhil Mullainathan (2004) How much should we trust differences-in-differences estimates?0.81142100%
9Alberto Abadie, Susan Athey, Guido W Imbens, and Jeffrey M Wooldridge (2017) Sampling-based vs. design-based uncertainty in regression analysis self0.64422100%
10Joshua Angrist and Steve Pischke (2008) Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricists' Companion0.64422100%

Showing the top 10 of 41 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1Difference-in-Differences with Multiple Time Periods1.00083
2Efficient Estimation for Staggered Rollout Designs1.00083
3Potential weights and implicit causal designs in linear regression0.90984
4Estimating Dynamic Treatment Effects in Event Studies with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects0.87492
5Design-Robust Two-Way-Fixed-Effects Regression For Panel Data \@thefnmark\@footnotetextGenerous support from the Office of Naval Research through ONR grants N00014-17-1-2131 and N00014-19-1-2468 is gratefully acknowledged0.87482
6Clustering with Potential Multidimensionality: Inference and Practice0.87452
7Synthetic Controls with Staggered Adoption0.84333
8Instrumented Difference-in-Differences with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects0.84333
9Two-way fixed effects instrumental variable regressions in staggered DID-IV designs0.84333
10Refining the Notion of No Anticipation in Difference-in-Differences Studies0.84333