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Matrix Completion, Counterfactuals, and Factor Analysis of Missing Data

Jushan Bai, Serena Ng

arXiv 15 Oct 2019 · Econometrics · publishedJournal of the American Statistical Association (2021) · 49 citations (OpenAlex)

arXiv:1910.06677 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

This paper proposes an imputation procedure that uses the factors estimated from a tall block along with the re-rotated loadings estimated from a wide block to impute missing values in a panel of data. Assuming that a strong factor structure holds for the full panel of data and its sub-blocks, it is shown that the common component can be consistently estimated at four different rates of convergence without requiring regularization or iteration. An asymptotic analysis of the estimation error is obtained. An application of our analysis is estimation of counterfactuals when potential outcomes have a factor structure. We study the estimation of average and individual treatment effects on the treated and establish a normal distribution theory that can be useful for hypothesis testing.

Citation extraction

38
references
59
in-text mentions
38
distinct cited
3
self-citations
12,649
main-text words

appendix boundary found by appendix_titled_section at “Appendix A” · 64% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.

Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Xiong and Pelger (2019) Large Dimensional Latent Factor Modeling with Missing Observations and Applications to Causal Inference, SSRN Working Paper 3465…1.00054100%
2Jin, Miao and Su (2021) On Factor Models with Random Missing: EM Estimation, Inference, and Cross Validation, Journal of Econometrics 222:1, Part C, 745…0.92843100%
3Athey, Bayati, Doudchenko, Imbens and Khosravi (2018) Matrx Completion Methods for Causal Panel Data Methods, arXiv:1710.10251v20.84333100%
4Bai and Ng (2002) Determining the Number of Factors in Approximate Factor Models, Econometrica 70:1, 191–2210.73732100%
5Bai (2003) Inferential Theory for Factor Models of Large Dimensions, Econometrica 71:1, 135–172 self0.6444250%
6Abadie and Gardeazabal (2003) The Economic Costs of Conflict: A Case Study of the Basque Country, American Economic Review0.64422100%
7Bai and Ng (2019) Rank Regularized Estimation of Approximate Factor Models, Journal of Econometrics 78-96, 212:10.64422100%
8Cahan, Bai and Ng (2021) Factor Based Imputation of Missing Values and Covariances in Panel Data of Large Dimensions self0.64422100%
9Stock and Watson (2016) Factor Models and Structural Vector Autoregressions in Macroeconomics, in J. B0.64422100%
10Bai (2009) Panel Data Models with Interactive Fixed Effects, Econometrica 77, 1229–1279 self0.58531100%

Showing the top 10 of 38 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1Matrix Completion When Missing Is Not at Random and Its Applications in Causal Panel Data Models1.00074
2Robust Matrix Estimation with Side Information1.00063
3Covariate-Adjusted Deep Causal Learning for Heterogeneous Panel Data Models1.00053
4Confidence Intervals of Treatment Effects in Panel Data Models with Interactive Fixed Effects0.941187
5Causal Matrix Completion0.92843
6Flexible Imputation of Incomplete Network Data0.84092
7Large Dimensional Latent Factor Modeling with Missing Observations and Applications to Causal Inference0.811305
8Target PCA: Transfer Learning Large Dimensional Panel Data0.81142
92401.136650.81142
10Imputation of Counterfactual Outcomes when the Errors are Predictable0.81142