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Orthogonal Policy Learning Under Ambiguity

Riccardo D'Adamo

arXiv 21 Nov 2021 · Econometrics

arXiv:2111.10904 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

This paper studies the problem of estimating individualized treatment rules when treatment effects are partially identified, as it is often the case with observational data. By drawing connections between the treatment assignment problem and classical decision theory, we characterize several notions of optimal treatment policies in the presence of partial identification. Our unified framework allows to incorporate user-defined constraints on the set of allowable policies, such as restrictions for transparency or interpretability, while also ensuring computational feasibility. We show how partial identification leads to a new policy learning problem where the objective function is directionally -- but not fully -- differentiable with respect to the nuisance first-stage. We then propose an estimation procedure that ensures Neyman-orthogonality with respect to the nuisance components and we provide statistical guarantees that depend on the amount of concentration around the points of non-differentiability in the data-generating-process. The proposed methods are illustrated using data from the Job Partnership Training Act study.

Citation extraction

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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Kitagawa, T. and A. Tetenov (2018) Who should be treated? empirical welfare maximization methods for treatment choice1.000156100%
2Chernozhukov, V., J. C. Escanciano, H. Ichimura, W. K. Newey, and J.… (2022) Locally robust semiparametric estimation1.00093100%
3Kasy, M. (2016, 03) (2016) Partial Identification, Distributional Preferences, and the Welfare Ranking of Policies1.00083100%
4Pu, H. and B. Zhang (2021, mar) (2021) Estimating optimal treatment rules with an instrumental variable: A partial identification learning approach1.00074100%
5Manski, C. F (2004) Statistical treatment rules for heterogeneous populations1.00064100%
6Foster, D. J. and V. Syrgkanis (2019) Orthogonal statistical learning1.00053100%
7Athey, S. and S. Wager (2021) Policy learning with observational data0.96419689%
8Byambadalai, U (2022) Identification and inference for welfare gains without unconfoundedness0.87462100%
9Christensen, T., H. R. Moon, and F. Schorfheide (2022) Optimal discrete decisions when payoffs are partially identified0.87452100%
10Cui, Y. and E. T. Tchetgen (2021) A semiparametric instrumental variable approach to optimal treatment regimes under endogeneity0.87452100%

Showing the top 10 of 61 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1Policy Learning under Unobserved Confounding: A Robust and Efficient Approach0.81142
2Inference for Interval-Identified Parameters Selected from an Estimated Set0.73732
3Policy Learning with Distributional Welfare0.64422
4Partial identification via conditional linear programs: estimation and policy learning0.64422
5Decision Theory for Treatment Choice Problems with Partial Identification0.51121
6Optimal Decision Rules Under Partial Identification0.40511
7Policy Learning under Endogeneity Using Instrumental Variables0.40511
8Debiased Machine Learning of Aggregated Intersection Bounds and Other Causal Parameters0.40511
9Locally Asymptotically Minimax Statistical Treatment Rules Under Partial Identification0.40511
10Debiased Machine Learning when Nuisance Parameters Appear in Indicator Functions0.40511