arXiv 22 Feb 2025 · Econometrics
arXiv:2502.16126 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text
Triple difference-in-differences designs are widely used to estimate causal effects in empirical work. Surveying the literature, we find that most applications include controls. We show that this standard practice is generally biased for the target causal estimand when covariate distributions differ across groups. To address this, we propose identifying a causal estimand by fixing the covariate distribution to that of one group. We then develop a double-robust estimator and illustrate its application in a canonical policy setting.
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The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.
| Reference | Intensity | Mentions | Sections | Main text | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Callaway, Brantly, Sant’Anna, Pedro HC (2021) Difference-in-differences with multiple time periods | 1.000 | 7 | 4 | 100% |
| 2 | Sant’Anna, Pedro HC, Zhao, Jun (2020) Doubly robust difference-in-differences estimators | 1.000 | 7 | 3 | 100% |
| 3 | Cunningham, Scott (2021) Causal inference: The mixtape | 0.928 | 4 | 4 | 100% |
| 4 | Kleven, Henrik, Landais, Camille (2019) Children and gender inequality: Evidence from Denmark | 0.928 | 4 | 3 | 100% |
| 5 | Card, David, Krueger, Alan B (1993) Minimum wages and employment: A case study of the fast food industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania | 0.737 | 3 | 2 | 100% |
| 6 | Chang, Neng-Chieh (2020) Double/debiased machine learning for difference-in-differences models | 0.737 | 3 | 2 | 100% |
| 7 | Muralidharan, Karthik, Prakash, Nishith (2017) Cycling to school: Increasing secondary school enrollment for girls in India | 0.737 | 3 | 2 | 100% |
| 8 | Olden, Andreas (2022) The triple difference estimator | 0.737 | 3 | 2 | 100% |
| 9 | Angrist, Joshua D, Pischke, Jörn-Steffen (2009) Mostly harmless econometrics: An empiricist's companion | 0.644 | 2 | 2 | 100% |
| 10 | Goldin, Claudia, Olivetti, Claudia (2013) Shocking labor supply: A reassessment of the role of World War II on women's labor supply | 0.511 | 2 | 1 | 100% |
Showing the top 10 of 18 scored citations.
arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.
| Citing paper | Intensity | Mentions | Sections | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Three’s a crowd: Identification challenges in the triple difference model with spillover effects | 0.405 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | Identification of Child Penalties | 0.000 | 1 | 1 |