Silvia De Nicolò, Beatrice Biondi, Mario Mazzocchi
arXiv 22 Jan 2026 · Econometrics
arXiv:2601.15764 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text
The paper studies identification in triple-difference designs when spillover effects contaminate one or more control groups. We show that, under conventional identifying assumptions, the triple-difference model fails to identify both the treatment effect and the spillover effect under such interference. To overcome this limitation, we propose an alternative specification, the double-triple-difference model, and explicitly formalize identifying assumptions and spillover structures required for consistent identification of both effects. We derive formal identification results and assess the performance of the proposed model through Monte Carlo simulations. An empirical application evaluating a Special Economic Zone in Italy is provided.
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The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.
| Reference | Intensity | Mentions | Sections | Main text | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Olden, Andreas and Møen, Jarle (2022) The triple difference estimator | 1.000 | 6 | 3 | 100% |
| 2 | Huber, Martin and Steinmayr, Andreas (2021) A framework for separating individual-level treatment effects from spillover effects | 1.000 | 5 | 3 | 100% |
| 3 | Ortiz-Villavicencio, Marcelo and Sant'Anna, Pedro HC (2025) Better Understanding Triple Differences Estimators | 0.956 | 16 | 6 | 88% |
| 4 | Caron, Laura (2025) Triple Difference Designs with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects | 0.843 | 3 | 3 | 100% |
| 5 | Lee, Youjin and Hettinger, Gary and Mitra, Nandita (2025) Policy effect evaluation under counterfactual neighbourhood intervention in the presence of spillover | 0.843 | 3 | 3 | 100% |
| 6 | Bellou, Andriana and Bhatt, Rachana (2013) Reducing underage alcohol and tobacco use: Evidence from the introduction of vertical identification cards | 0.644 | 2 | 2 | 100% |
| 7 | Lee, Hwa-Young and Kim, Nam-Hee and Kawachi, Ichiro (2022) Did expansion of insurance coverage for major diseases in Korea induce a positive spillover effect on dental service utilization? | 0.644 | 2 | 2 | 100% |
| 8 | Butts, Kyle (2021) Difference-in-differences estimation with spatial spillovers | 0.644 | 2 | 2 | 100% |
| 9 | Fiorini, Mario and Lee, Wooyong and Pfeifer, Gregor (2024) A Simple Approach to Staggered Difference-in-differences in the Presence of Spillovers | 0.644 | 2 | 2 | 100% |
| 10 | Cerqua, Augusto and Pellegrini, Guido (2017) Industrial policy evaluation in the presence of spillovers | 0.511 | 2 | 1 | 100% |
Showing the top 10 of 43 scored citations.