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Coupling and Maximal Inequalities for Graph-Dependent Empirical Processes

Mengsi Gao, Demian Pouzo

arXiv 30 Jun 2026 · Mathematics — Probability

arXiv:2606.31936 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

We develop maximal inequalities for empirical processes indexed by graph-dependent observations. Our bounds separate the complexity of the indexing class from two features specific to graph dependence: the geometry of the underlying graph and the cost of coupling graph-separated blocks to independent copies. The coupling construction combines a novel graph-adapted dependence coefficient with a coloring of a block partition. We specialize the results to graphs with polynomial and exponential growth and to directed dyadic graphs. We then derive Glivenko--Cantelli results and characterize the associated effective sample size. A central implication is that graph-dependent empirical processes need not exhibit a generic root-$n$ rate: convergence is jointly determined by function-class complexity, graph geometry, and the decay of dependence with graph distance. Finally, we apply the results to obtain uniform laws of large numbers for network autoregressive models, nonlinear local-propagation models, and treatment-interference settings.

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37
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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Demian Pouzo (2026) Maximal inequalities for empirical processes under general mixing conditions self1.000104100%
2Talagrand, Michel (2014) Upper and Lower Bounds for Stochastic Processes1.00084100%
3Dedecker, Jérôme and Merlevede, Florence (2006) Inequalities for partial sums of Hilbert-valued dependent sequences and applications1.00073100%
4van der Vaart, Aad W. and Wellner, Jon (1996) Weak Convergence and Empirical Processes with Applications to Statistics0.9285480%
5Dedecker, Jérôme and Prieur, Clémentine (2004) Coupling for $ $-dependent sequences and applications0.84333100%
6Doukhan, Paul and Massart, Pascal and Rio, Emmanuel (1995) Invariance principles for absolutely regular empirical processes0.73732100%
7Ramon van Handel (2018) Chaining, interpolation and convexity II: The contraction principle0.73732100%
8van Handel, Ramon (2018) Chaining, interpolation, and convexity0.73732100%
9Talagrand, Michel (2005) The Generic Chaining0.73732100%
10Yu, Bin (1994) Rates of convergence for empirical processes of stationary mixing sequences0.73732100%

Showing the top 10 of 37 scored citations.