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Dynamic Linear Panel Regression Models with Interactive Fixed Effects

Hyungsik Roger Moon, Martin Weidner

arXiv 1 May 2026 · Econometrics

arXiv:2605.00612 · PDF · Extracted main text

Abstract

We analyze linear panel regression models with interactive fixed effects and predetermined regressors, for example lagged-dependent variables. The first-order asymptotic theory of the least squares (LS) estimator of the regression coefficients is worked out in the limit where both the cross-sectional dimension and the number of time periods become large. We find two sources of asymptotic bias of the LS estimator: bias due to correlation or heteroscedasticity of the idiosyncratic error term, and bias due to predetermined (as opposed to strictly exogenous) regressors. We provide a bias-corrected LS estimator. We also present bias-corrected versions of the three classical test statistics (Wald, LR, and LM test) and show their asymptotic distribution is a chi-squared distribution. Monte Carlo simulations show the bias correction of the LS estimator and of the test statistics also work well for finite sample sizes.

Citation extraction

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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Bai, J (2009) Panel data models with interactive fixed effects0.90912675%
2Moon, H. R. and Weidner, M (2015) Linear regression for panel with unknown number of factors as interactive fixed effects self0.79416950%
3Latala, R (2005) Some estimates of norms of random matrices0.6443267%
4Berry, S., Levinsohn, J., and Pakes, A (1995) Automobile prices in market equilibrium0.64422100%
5Gobillon, L. and Magnac, T (2013) Regional policy evaluation: Interactive fixed effects and synthetic controls0.64422100%
6Harding, M. and Lamarche, C (2009) A quantile regression approach for estimating panel data models using instrumental variables0.64422100%
7Harding, M. and Lamarche, C (2011) Least squares estimation of a panel data model with multifactor error structure and endogenous covariates0.64422100%
8Lee, N., Moon, H. R., and Weidner, M (2012) Analysis of interactive fixed effects dynamic linear panel regression with measurement error self0.64422100%
9Moon, H., Shum, M., and Weidner, M (2012) Interactive fixed effects in the BLP random coefficients demand model self0.64422100%
10Nickell, S (1981) Biases in dynamic models with fixed effects0.64422100%

Showing the top 10 of 92 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1Estimation of Random Coefficients Logit Demand Models with Interactive Fixed Effects1.000247
2Nuclear Norm Regularized Estimation of Panel Regression Models0.953156
3Inference in Unbalanced Panel Data Models with Interactive Fixed Effects0.898296
4Linear Regression for Panel with Unknown Number of Factors as Interactive Fixed Effects0.839228
5Interactive, Grouped and Non-separable Fixed Effects: A Practitioner's Guide to the New Panel Data Econometrics0.82262
6Identification and Inference for Synthetic Controls with Confounding0.73732
7Bootstrap Inference in Nonlinear Panel Data Models with Interactive Fixed Effects0.73732
8Panel Data Models with Time-Varying Latent Group Structures0.679164
9A Uniform Bound on the Operator Norm of Sub-Gaussian Random Matrices and Its Applications0.64422
10On Policy Evaluation With Aggregate Time-Series Instruments0.64422