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Threshold Tensor Factor Model in CP Form

Stevenson Bolivar, Rong Chen, Yuefeng Han

arXiv 24 Nov 2025 · Statistics — Methodology

arXiv:2511.19796 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

This paper proposes a new Threshold Tensor Factor Model in Canonical Polyadic (CP) form for tensor time series. By integrating a thresholding autoregressive structure for the latent factor process into the tensor factor model in CP form, the model captures regime-switching dynamics in the latent factor processes while retaining the parsimony and interpretability of low-rank tensor representations. We develop estimation procedures for the model and establish the theoretical properties of the resulting estimators. Numerical experiments and a real-data application illustrate the practical performance and usefulness of the proposed framework.

Citation extraction

68
references
131
in-text mentions
69
distinct cited
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self-citations
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main-text words

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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Tong, H Nonlinear Time Series Analysis: A Dynamical System Approach1.00073100%
2Han, Yuefeng and Yang, Dan and Zhang, Cun-Hui and Chen, Rong (2024) CP factor model for dynamic tensors self0.96911591%
3Chen, Bin and Han, Yuefeng and Yu, Qiyang (2024) Estimation and Inference for CP Tensor Factor Models self0.9285380%
4Lam, Clifford and Yao, Qiwei (2012) Factor modeling for high-dimensional time series: inference for the number of factors0.85113362%
5Tsay, Ruey S and Chen, Rong (2018) Nonlinear Time Series Analysis self0.84333100%
6Tsay, Ruey S (1989) Testing and modeling threshold autoregressive processes0.81142100%
7Chan, K.S. and Tong, H (1986) On estimating thresholds in autoregressive models0.73732100%
8Chen, Elynn Y and Tsay, Ruey S and Chen, Rong (2020) Constrained Factor Models for High-Dimensional Matrix-Variate Time Series self0.73732100%
9Chan, Kung-Sik (1993) Consistency and limiting distribution of the least squares estimator of a threshold autoregressive model0.73732100%
10Zhang, Xinyu and Li, Dong and Tong, Howell (2024) On the least squares estimation of multiple-threshold-variable autoregressive models0.6445240%

Showing the top 10 of 69 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1Diffusion Index Forecasting with Tensor Data0.40511
2Modewise Additive Factor Model for Matrix Time Series0.40511