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Switchback Price Experiments with Forward-Looking Demand

Yifan Wu, Ramesh Johari, Vasilis Syrgkanis, Gabriel Y. Weintraub

arXiv 18 Oct 2024 · cs.GT · 1 citations (OpenAlex)

arXiv:2410.14904 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

We consider a retailer running a switchback experiment for the price of a single product, with infinite supply. In each period, the seller chooses a price $p$ from a set of predefined prices that consist of a reference price and a few discounted price levels. The goal is to estimate the demand gradient at the reference price point, with the goal of adjusting the reference price to improve revenue after the experiment. In our model, in each period, a unit mass of buyers arrives on the market, with values distributed based on a time-varying process. Crucially, buyers are forward looking with a discounted utility and will choose to not purchase now if they expect to face a discounted price in the near future. We show that forward-looking demand introduces bias in naive estimators of the demand gradient, due to intertemporal interference. Furthermore, we prove that there is no estimator that uses data from price experiments with only two price points that can recover the correct demand gradient, even in the limit of an infinitely long experiment with an infinitesimal price discount. Moreover, we characterize the form of the bias of naive estimators. Finally, we show that with a simple three price level experiment, the seller can remove the bias due to strategic forward-looking behavior and construct an estimator for the demand gradient that asymptotically recovers the truth.

Citation extraction

49
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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Jun Li, Nelson Granados, and Serguei Netessine (2014) Are consumers strategic? structural estimation from the air-travel industry0.64441100%
2Xuanming Su (2007) Intertemporal pricing with strategic customer behavior0.64441100%
3Yiwei Chen and Vivek F Farias (2018) Robust dynamic pricing with strategic customers0.58531100%
4Wassim Dhaouadi, Ramesh Johari, and Gabriel Y Weintraub (2023) Price experimentation and interference in online platforms self0.58531100%
5Shipra Agrawal, Steven Yin, and Assaf Zeevi (2021) Dynamic pricing and learning under the bass model0.51121100%
6Vivek Farias, Andrew Li, Tianyi Peng, and Andrew Zheng (2022) Markovian interference in experiments0.51121100%
7Ramesh Johari, Hannah Li, Inessa Liskovich, and Gabriel Y Weintraub (2022) Experimental design in two-sided platforms: An analysis of bias self0.51121100%
8N Bora Keskin and Assaf Zeevi (2014) Dynamic pricing with an unknown demand model: Asymptotically optimal semi-myopic policies0.51121100%
9N Bora Keskin and Assaf Zeevi (2017) Chasing demand: Learning and earning in a changing environment0.51121100%
10Shuangning Li, Ramesh Johari, Xu Kuang, and Stefan Wager (2023) Experimenting under stochastic congestion self0.51121100%

Showing the top 10 of 49 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

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1Validating Causal Message Passing Against Network-Aware Methods on Real Experiments0.40511