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Generalized Autoregressive Score Trees and Forests

Andrew J. Patton, Yasin Simsek

arXiv 30 May 2023 · Econometrics · publishedJournal of Business and Economic Statistics (2023) · 5 citations (OpenAlex)

arXiv:2305.18991 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

We propose methods to improve the forecasts from generalized autoregressive score (GAS) models (Creal et. al, 2013; Harvey, 2013) by localizing their parameters using decision trees and random forests. These methods avoid the curse of dimensionality faced by kernel-based approaches, and allow one to draw on information from multiple state variables simultaneously. We apply the new models to four distinct empirical analyses, and in all applications the proposed new methods significantly outperform the baseline GAS model. In our applications to stock return volatility and density prediction, the optimal GAS tree model reveals a leverage effect and a variance risk premium effect. Our study of stock-bond dependence finds evidence of a flight-to-quality effect in the optimal GAS forest forecasts, while our analysis of high-frequency trade durations uncovers a volume-volatility effect.

Citation extraction

56
references
107
in-text mentions
56
distinct cited
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main-text words

appendix boundary found by appendix_command · 87% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.

Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Breiman, L (2001) Random forests1.00054100%
2Harvey, A. C (2013) Dynamic Models for Volatility and Heavy Tails, with Applications to Financial and Economic Time Series, volume 521.00054100%
3Breiman, L., Friedman, J., Stone, C. J., and Olshen, R (1984) Classification and Regression Trees1.00053100%
4Creal, D., Koopman, S. J., and Lucas, A (2013) Generalized autoregressive score models with applications0.96911691%
5Audrino, F. and Bühlmann, P (2001) Tree-structured generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic models0.92843100%
6Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., Friedman, J. H., and Friedman, J. H (2009) The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data mining, Inference, and Prediction, volume 20.92843100%
7Bollerslev, T (1986) Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity0.87452100%
8Breiman, L., Friedman, J. H., Olshen, R. A., and Stone, C. J (2017) Classification and regression trees0.84333100%
9Creal, D., Koopman, S. J., and Lucas, A (2011) A dynamic multivariate heavy-tailed model for time-varying volatilities and correlations0.7374350%
10Engle, R. F. and Russell, J. R (1998) Autoregressive conditional duration: a new model for irregularly spaced transaction data0.73732100%

Showing the top 10 of 56 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1Machine Learning and the Yield Curve: Tree-Based Macroeconomic Regime Switching0.40511