EconBase
← All papers

Long Story Short: Omitted Variable Bias in Causal Machine Learning

Victor Chernozhukov, Carlos Cinelli, Whitney Newey, Amit Sharma, Vasilis Syrgkanis

arXiv 26 Dec 2021 · Econometrics · 22 citations (OpenAlex)

arXiv:2112.13398 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

We develop a general theory of omitted variable bias for a wide range of common causal parameters, including (but not limited to) averages of potential outcomes, average treatment effects, average causal derivatives, and policy effects from covariate shifts. Our theory applies to nonparametric models, while naturally allowing for (semi-)parametric restrictions (such as partial linearity) when such assumptions are made. We show how simple plausibility judgments on the maximum explanatory power of omitted variables are sufficient to bound the magnitude of the bias, thus facilitating sensitivity analysis in otherwise complex, nonlinear models. Finally, we provide flexible and efficient statistical inference methods for the bounds, which can leverage modern machine learning algorithms for estimation. These results allow empirical researchers to perform sensitivity analyses in a flexible class of machine-learned causal models using very simple, and interpretable, tools. We demonstrate the utility of our approach with two empirical examples.

Citation extraction

67
references
147
in-text mentions
67
distinct cited
12
self-citations
13,761
main-text words

appendix boundary found by appendix_command · 64% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.

Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Judea Pearl (2009) Causality1.00053100%
2Victor Chernozhukov, Whitney Newey, and Rahul Singh (1802) De-biased machine learning of global and local parameters using regularized riesz representers self0.9285480%
3Victor Chernozhukov, Whitney K Newey, and Rahul Singh (2022) Automatic debiased machine learning of causal and structural effects self0.9285380%
4Victor Chernozhukov, Denis Chetverikov, Mert Demirer, Esther Duflo,… (2016) Double/debiased machine learning for treatment and structural parameters self0.92314579%
5Guido W Imbens (2003) Sensitivity to exogeneity assumptions in program evaluation0.8435560%
6Paul R Rosenbaum (2002) Observational studies0.8435360%
7Zhiqiang Tan (2006) A distributional approach for causal inference using propensity scores0.8435360%
8Joshua D. Angrist and Jorn-Steffan Pischke (2009) Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion0.81142100%
9Carlos Cinelli and Chad Hazlett (2020) Making sense of sensitivity: Extending omitted variable bias self0.7946550%
10Victor Chernozhukov, Whitney Newey, Rahul Singh, and Vasilis Syrgkanis (2020) Adversarial estimation of riesz representers self0.73732100%

Showing the top 10 of 67 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1Quantifying Omitted Variable Bias in Nonlinear Instrumental Variable Estimators0.928106
2Automatic debiased machine learning and sensitivity analysis for sample selection models0.92854
3=0pt =0pt plus .5=0pt plus .5=.3Identification and Semiparametric Estimation of Conditional Means from Aggregate Data0.89474
4A sensitivity analysis for the average derivative effect0.87462
5Reevaluating Causal Estimation Methods with Data from a Product Release0.84353
6Estimating Wage Disparities Using Foundation Models0.81152
7Partial Identification of Causal Effects that Vary by Setting0.64441
8How Robust are Robustness Checks?0.64422
9Double Machine Learning and Automated Model Selection: A Cautionary Tale0.40511
10Doubly-Valid/Doubly-Sharp Sensitivity Analysis for Causal Inference with Unmeasured Confounding0.40511