arXiv 19 Oct 2026 · Econometrics
arXiv:2610.25667 · PDF · Extracted main text
We study the design of multi-arm experiments that identify local average treatment effects under imperfect compliance. With three or more arms, conventional randomization fails to identify margin-specific effects even under strong extensions of monotone compliance. A choice-theoretic analysis unifies these extensions and motivates a two-stage design: subjects report a preferred arm and are randomized conditional on it. If treatment is confined to the assigned or reported arm, one-sided noncompliance is restored conditional on the report, identifying the effect between the two for their compliers. We discuss the design's applicability and feasibility in relation to the choice model.
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The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.
| Reference | Intensity | Mentions | Sections | Main text | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Angrist and Imbens (1995) Two-Stage Least Squares Estimation of Average Causal Effects in Models with Variable Treatment Intensity | 1.000 | 6 | 3 | 100% |
| 2 | Heckman and Pinto (2018) Unordered Monotonicity | 1.000 | 6 | 3 | 100% |
| 3 | Kirkeboen, Leuven and Mogstad (2016) Field of Study, Earnings, and Self-Selection | 1.000 | 6 | 3 | 100% |
| 4 | Bai, Huang, Moon, Shaikh and Vytlacil (2026) On the Identifying Power of Generalized Monotonicity for Average Treatment Effects | 1.000 | 5 | 4 | 100% |
| 5 | Bai, Huang and Tabord-Meehan (2025) Sharp Testable Implications of Encouragement Designs | 0.928 | 4 | 3 | 100% |
| 6 | Angrist, Santos and Tecchio (2025) One Instrument, Many Treatments: Instrumental Variables Identification of Multiple Causal Effects | 0.843 | 3 | 3 | 100% |
| 7 | Heinesen, Hvid, Kirkeben, Leuven and Mogstad (2026) Instrumental Variables with Unordered Treatments: Theory and Evidence from Returns to Fields of Study | 0.811 | 4 | 2 | 100% |
| 8 | Lee and Salanié (2026) Treatment Effects with Targeting Instruments | 0.737 | 3 | 2 | 100% |
| 9 | Tarozzi, Desai and Johnson (2015) The Impacts of Microcredit: Evidence from Ethiopia | 0.644 | 4 | 1 | 100% |
| bcg2014 | unmatched citation key bcg2014 | 0.644 | 2 | 2 | 100% |
Showing the top 10 of 67 scored citations. 1 of these could not be matched to a bibliography entry, so only the citation key is shown.