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Filtering without recursion and some of its uses in financial economics

Simon Donker van Heel, Neil Shephard

arXiv 7 Sep 2026 · Econometrics

arXiv:2609.07207 · PDF · Extracted main text

Abstract

We develop a filter for time series, defined at each time $t$ as the minimizer of a discounted convex combination of observed and expected losses. The filter can be estimated by simulation to an arbitrary level of accuracy in $O(1)$ flops at each time point $t$ and can be run for all values $t=1,...,T$ in parallel. These methods are applied to robustly compute a preaveraged price process from the more than 1.5 million trades made on a single financial asset in a single day where the noise's variance is infinite. It yields a flat "volatility signature" plot, down to the 1 second level, so the microstructure noise no longer biases the volatility estimate. This is not true when linear methods are employed.

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82
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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Mykland, P. and L. Zhang (2016) Between data cleaning and inference: Pre-averaging and robust estimators of the efficient price0.874112100%
2Jacod, J., Y. Li, P. A. Mykland, M. Podolskij, and M. Vetter (2009) Microstructure noise in the continuous case: The pre-averaging approach0.87492100%
3Andersen, T. G., T. Bollerslev, F. X. Diebold, and P. Labys (2001) The distribution of exchange rate volatility0.87472100%
4Barndorff-Nielsen, O. E. and N. Shephard (2002) Econometric analysis of realised volatility and its use in estimating stochastic volatility models0.87462100%
5Barndorff-Nielsen, O. E., P. R. Hansen, A. Lunde, and N. Shephard (2009) Realised kernels in practice: trades and quotes0.64441100%
6Barndorff-Nielsen, O. E., P. R. Hansen, A. Lunde, and N. Shephard (2008) Designing realised kernels to measure the ex-post variation of equity prices in the presence of noise0.64422100%
7Corsi, F (2009) A simple long memory model of realized volatility0.64422100%
8Koenker, R (2005) Quantile Regression0.64422100%
9Zhang, L., P. A. Mykland, and Y. Aẗ-Sahalia (2005) A tale of two time scales: determining integrated volatility with noisy high-frequency data0.64422100%
10Donker van Heel, S. and N. Shephard (2025) Exponentially weighted estimands and the exponential family: Filtering, prediction and smoothing0.64422100%

Showing the top 10 of 82 scored citations.