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Estimation and Inference for Peer Effects under Conditional Random Assignment

Ying Zeng

arXiv 17 Aug 2026 · Econometrics

arXiv:2608.16468 · PDF · Extracted main text

Abstract

Empirical studies of peer effects often exploit conditional random assignment to peer groups within urns. We develop a GMM framework for estimation and inference in this setting. The framework separately identifies endogenous and contextual peer effects and nests tests of random peer-group assignment as a special case. It permits unknown heteroskedasticity and corrects finite-urn bias in variance estimation. Its asymptotic theory allows the number of peer groups to grow through more urns, more groups within urns, or both. We establish the asymptotic validity of the procedures and evaluate their finite-sample performance through Monte Carlo simulations. We apply the method to study peer effects on personality among university students. For traits with positive reduced-form peer effects, the estimates indicate that positive contextual effects are partly offset by negative endogenous effects.

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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Lin, Xu and Lee, Lung-fei GMM Estimation of Spatial Autoregressive Models with Unknown Heteroskedasticity0.9619389%
2Kelejian, Harry H. and Prucha, Ingmar R Specification and Estimation of Spatial Autoregressive Models with Autoregressive and Heteroskedastic Disturbances0.93511482%
3Shan, Xiaoyue and Zölitz, Ulf Peers Affect Personality Development0.874102100%
4Kuersteiner, Guido M. and Prucha, Ingmar R. and Zeng, Ying Efficient Peer Effects Estimators with Group Effects self0.8434375%
5Lee, Lung-Fei Identification and Estimation of Econometric Models with Group Interactions, Contextual Factors and Fixed Effects0.73732100%
6Caeyers, Bet and Fafchamps, Marcel Exclusion Bias and the Estimation of Peer Effects0.70914336%
7Jochmans, Koen Testing Random Assignment to Peer Groups0.68425432%
8Sacerdote, Bruce Peer Effects with Random Assignment: Results for Dartmouth Roommates0.66910330%
9Feld, Jan and Zölitz, Ulf Understanding Peer Effects: On the Nature, Estimation, and Channels of Peer Effects0.6443267%
10Graham, Bryan S Identifying Social Interactions Through Conditional Variance Restrictions0.64422100%

Showing the top 10 of 40 scored citations.