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A Multinomial Probit Model for Asymmetric Choice Responses

Cash Looi, Ruben Loaiza-Maya, Didier Nibbering

arXiv 11 Aug 2026 · Econometrics

arXiv:2608.10336 · PDF · Extracted main text

Abstract

Standard multinomial probit (MNP) models specify symmetric latent utility distributions, implying that choice probabilities respond symmetrically to positive and negative covariate shifts of the same magnitude. This restriction is often implausible in empirical choice settings and can lead to misleading elasticity and substitution predictions. We propose a skewed multinomial probit (SMNP) model that captures asymmetric choice responses by specifying a multivariate skew-normal distribution for the latent utilities. The model preserves the flexible substitution patterns of the MNP framework, introduces alternative-specific skewness parameters, and nests the standard MNP model when skewness is zero. Introducing skewness creates identification and computational challenges because the skewness parameters interact with the MNP scale normalization and disrupt the conditional Gaussian updating structure used in Bayesian MNP estimation. We address these challenges through a covariance reparameterization that enforces identification and positive definiteness by construction, interpretable priors on the identified parameter space, and a double data-augmentation scheme that yields a Metropolis-Hastings within Gibbs sampler. Numerical experiments and applications to consumer choice data show that SMNP recovers asymmetric choice responses, improves probabilistic prediction, and produces economically meaningful differences in price elasticities and substitution patterns.

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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
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5Caputo, Lusk \ Nayga Jr (2018) `Choice experiments are not conducted in a vacuum: The effects of external price information on choice behavior', Journal of Eco…0.51121100%
6Azzalini (2013) The multivariate skew-normal distribution, Institute of Mathematical Statistics Monographs, Cambridge University Press, p. 124–1670.40511100%
7Anceschi, Fasano, Durante \ Zanella (2023) `Bayesian conjugacy in probit, tobit, multinomial probit and extensions: A review and new results', Journal of the American Stat…0.40511100%
8Azzalini \ Dalla Valle (1996) `The multivariate skew-normal distribution', Biometrika 83(4), 715–7260.40511100%
9Azzalini \ Capitanio (1999) `Statistical applications of the multivariate skew normal distribution', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Sta…0.40511100%
10Bazán, Bolfarine \ Branco (2010) `A framework for skew-probit links in binary regression', Communications in Statistics—Theory and Methods 39(4), 678–6970.40511100%

Showing the top 10 of 40 scored citations.