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Generalized Impulse Responses of Portfolio Default Probabilities: A Modular Framework with an Application to Geopolitical Risk

Guillaume Flament, Christophe Hurlin, Quentin Lajaunie, Yoann Pull

arXiv 5 Aug 2026 · Econometrics

arXiv:2608.04469 · PDF · Extracted main text

Abstract

Credit stress testing requires impulse responses of portfolio default probabilities, not only macro-financial drivers. We derive closed-form generalized impulse responses for the mean, quantiles (PD-at-Risk), and expected shortfall in a modular framework combining a Bayesian VAR, a Gaussian satellite, and the Merton-Vasicek model underlying Basel IRB regulation. Results extend to any probit-Gaussian mapping of a latent factor. Nonlinearity makes responses depend on conditional means and variances; plug-in evaluations understate projected default probability levels by 6-8% and miss tail quantiles. For U.S. geopolitical risk shocks, 99%-quantile responses exceed mean responses by 50%, and peak responses vary 4.6-fold across the credit cycle.

Citation extraction

36
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60
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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Caldara, Dario and Iacoviello, Matteo (2022) Measuring Geopolitical Risk0.84310460%
2European Banking Authority (2025) Methodological Note for the 2025 EU-Wide Stress Test0.73732100%
3Gordy, Michael B (2003) A Risk-Factor Model Foundation for Ratings-Based Bank Capital Rules0.73732100%
4Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (2019) Minimum Capital Requirements for Market Risk0.64422100%
5Chavleishvili, Sulkhan and Manganelli, Simone (2024) Forecasting and Stress Testing with Quantile Vector Autoregression0.64422100%
6Fornari, Fabio and Lemke, Wolfgang (2010) Predicting Recession Probabilities with Financial Variables over Multiple Horizons0.64422100%
7Acerbi, Carlo and Tasche, Dirk (2002) On the Coherence of Expected Shortfall0.64422100%
8Adrian, Tobias and Boyarchenko, Nina and Giannone, Domenico (2019) Vulnerable Growth0.64422100%
9Koop, Gary and Pesaran, M. Hashem and Potter, Simon M (1996) Impulse Response Analysis in Nonlinear Multivariate Models0.64422100%
10Merton, Robert C (1974) On the Pricing of Corporate Debt: The Risk Structure of Interest Rates0.64422100%

Showing the top 10 of 36 scored citations.