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A fully nonlinear structural vector autoregressive model identified via independent innovation analysis

Savi Virolainen

arXiv 4 Aug 2026 · Econometrics

arXiv:2608.03486 · PDF · Extracted main text

Abstract

We develop a fully nonlinear structural vector autoregressive framework in which the contemporaneous structural mapping may be nonlinear and non-additive. Identification is achieved by exploiting variation in the conditional distributions of the mutually independent structural shocks induced by an observed exogenous variable. Specifically, a general contrastive learning framework that makes use of this variation together with the assumed exponential-family structure is employed to recover the shocks. Existing independent innovation analysis results identify such shocks only up to arbitrary componentwise invertible transformations, which is generally insufficient for structural econometric analysis. We strengthen this result by imposing a structured exponential-family specification for the conditional shock distributions. With the imposed sufficient statistics, the remaining ambiguity is reduced to a one-parameter transformed-scale map for each shock. We then show that, under a logistic specification used for the natural parameters, the identification is further strengthened up to permutation and componentwise sign changes. Once the shocks have been recovered, the fully nonlinear structural vector autoregression can be estimated using feed-forward neural networks, motivated by their universal approximation capabilities. The empirical application studies asymmetries in the responses of U.S. industrial production to the real oil price shock. We find modest asymmetries with respect to the sign of the shock and state of the economy. The accompanying R package iiasvar implements the introduced methods.

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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Herrera A. M., Lagalo L. G., Wada T (2011) Oil price shocks and industrial production: is the relationship linear?1.00063100%
2Morioka H., Hälvä H., Hyvärinen A (2021) Independent innovation analysis for nonlinear vector autoregressive process0.95222686%
3Hornik K., Stinchcombe M., White H (1989) Multilayer feedforward networks are universal approximators0.92844100%
4Jurado K., Ludvigson S., Ng S (2015) Measuring uncertainty0.92843100%
5Koop G., Pesaran M., Potter S (1996) Impulse response analysis in nonlinear multivariate models0.84333100%
6Virolainen S (2026) iiasvar: Fully nonlinear structural vector autoregression framework based on independent innovation analysis0.84333100%
7Lanne M., Meitz M., Saikkonen P (2017) Identification and estimation of non-Gaussian structural vector autoregressions0.73732100%
8Lanne M., Virolainen S (2025) A Gaussian smooth transition vector autoregressive model: An application to the macroeconomic effects of severe weather shocks0.73732100%
9Virolainen S (2026) Identification by non-Gaussianity in structural smooth transition vector autoregressive models0.64422100%
10Hansen B. E (1994) Autoregressive conditional density estimation0.5112250%

Showing the top 10 of 25 scored citations.