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Split-Session Cluster GARCH for Overnight and Intraday Returns: The Role of Tail Heterogeneity

Xinxian Chen, Peter Reinhard Hansen, Chen Tong

arXiv 4 Jul 2026 · Econometrics

arXiv:2607.03669 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

We propose the Split-Session Cluster GARCH model for heavy-tailed multivariate dependence among asset returns decomposed into overnight and intraday components. The model uses convolution-$t$ distributions to allow tail behavior to differ across clusters defined by trading sessions and, within each session, by economic sectors. It also accommodates block-structured conditional correlation matrices, preserving parsimony and scalability in high-dimensional settings. The resulting likelihood remains tractable and yields a score-driven specification for dynamic correlations. We apply the model to U.S. equity returns in six-asset and 100-asset applications. The results reveal pronounced tail heterogeneity between overnight and intraday returns. Model comparisons show that session-specific tail parameters substantially improve fit relative to a common multivariate-$t$ specification, while sector-level tail partitioning delivers additional gains concentrated mainly in the overnight component. In the 100-asset application, asset-level tail heterogeneity delivers the strongest out-of-sample likelihood and global minimum-variance (GMV) portfolio performance.

Citation extraction

35
references
52
in-text mentions
35
distinct cited
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self-citations
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main-text words

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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Tong, Chen and Hansen, Peter Reinhard and Archakov, Ilya Cluster GARCH self0.87452100%
2Archakov, Ilya and Hansen, Peter Reinhard A New Parametrization of Correlation Matrices self0.8434375%
3Creal, Drew and Koopman, Siem Jan and Lucas, André Generalized Autoregressive Score Models With Applications0.81142100%
4Archakov, Ilya and Hansen, Peter Reinhard A Canonical Representation of Block Matrices with Applications to Covariance and Correlation Matrices self0.73732100%
5Hansen, Peter Reinhard and Tong, Chen Convolution- t Distributions self0.73732100%
6Aielli, Gian Piero Dynamic Conditional Correlation: On Properties and Estimation0.64422100%
7Engle, Robert Dynamic Conditional Correlation: A Simple Class of Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Models0.64422100%
8Linton, Oliver and Wu, Jianbin A Coupled Component DCS-EGARCH Model for Intraday and Overnight Volatility0.64422100%
9Archakov, Ilya and Hansen, Peter Reinhard and Lunde, Asger A Multivariate Realized GARCH Model self0.40511100%
10Barclay, Michael J. and Hendershott, Terrence Price Discovery and Trading After Hours0.40511100%

Showing the top 10 of 35 scored citations.