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Variance or Standard Deviation? Shell Geometry and Global-Scale Priors in High-Dimensional Shrinkage

Wayne Yuan Gao, Zhiheng You

arXiv 22 Jun 2026 · Statistics — Methodology

arXiv:2606.23509 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

We study how the choice of default prior for a common Gaussian scale affects high-dimensional shrinkage risk, highlighting the role played by high-dimensional geometry. Formally, we consider a high-dimensional setting in which the near-zero behavior of the common scale prior has first-order consequences for shrinkage risk, and show that priors that are flat on the variance and those flat on the standard deviation allocate markedly different mass near the zero-scale boundary, leading to distinct shrinkage behavior and informing principled default prior selection. Specifically, under a radial-power benchmark, we establish that the SD-flat benchmark has a one-unit asymptotic risk advantage near the origin, crosses over in the critical regime, and is second-order equivalent to the variance-flat benchmark for strong signals. Proper single global-scale hyperpriors and bounded coordinate-multiplier mixtures inherit these limits through the near-zero exponent of their SD-scale density. For heavier-tailed or sparse priors, that exponent still classifies the common global-scale component, while local-scale tails, model-size priors, or allocation priors can also affect risk.

Citation extraction

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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Gelman, A (2006) Prior distributions for variance parameters in hierarchical models0.92843100%
2Polson, N. G. and J. G. Scott (2012) On the Half-Cauchy Prior for a Global Scale Parameter0.92843100%
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4Strawderman, W. E (1971) Proper Bayes minimax estimators of the multivariate normal mean0.73732100%
5Brown, L. D. and L. H. Zhao (2012) A geometrical explanation of Stein shrinkage0.64422100%
6Carvalho, C. M., N. G. Polson, and J. G. Scott (2010) The horseshoe estimator for sparse signals0.64422100%
7Johnstone, I. M. and B. W. Silverman (2004) Needles and straw in haystacks: empirical Bayes estimates of possibly sparse sequences0.64422100%
8Ledoux, M (2001) The Concentration of Measure Phenomenon0.64422100%
9Maruyama, Y. and A. Takemura (2008) Admissibility and minimaxity of generalized Bayes estimators for spherically symmetric family0.64422100%
10Piironen, J. and A. Vehtari (2017) a): On the Hyperprior Choice for the Global Shrinkage Parameter in the Horseshoe Prior, in0.64422100%

Showing the top 10 of 31 scored citations.