EconBase
← All papers

What is the Long-Term Value of Reliability?

Chenyu Qiu, Xu Kuang, Inessa Liskovich, Ali Rauh, Stefan Wager

arXiv 10 Jun 2026 · Statistics — Methodology

arXiv:2606.11526 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

We describe Chronos LTV, a system to measure the long-term impact of delays and other service defects on key business metrics. We use Markov decision processes to model customer interactions over time, and formalize our target estimand as the marginal policy effect with respect to moving the average delay rate. Given this setup, we show that we can identify long-term effects under a sequential unconfoundedness assumption where delays are as good as random given observed order characteristics; and can estimate these effects using a simple covariate-balancing algorithm.

Citation extraction

33
references
53
in-text mentions
33
distinct cited
8
self-citations
11,042
main-text words

appendix boundary found by none_found · 100% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.

Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Johari, Ramesh and Peng, Tianyi and Xing, Wenqian (2025) Estimation of Treatment Effects Under Nonstationarity via the Truncated Policy Gradient Estimator1.00053100%
2Lai, I-han and Wager, Stefan (2026) Estimating Dynamic Marginal Policy Effects under Sequential Unconfoundedness self1.00053100%
3Sutton, Richard S and Barto, Andrew G (1998) Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction0.81142100%
4Hu, Yuchen and Wager, Stefan (2022) Switchback experiments under geometric mixing self0.73732100%
5Farias, Vivek and Li, Andrew and Peng, Tianyi and Zheng, Andrew (2022) Markovian interference in experiments0.64422100%
6Ghosh, Aditya and Wager, Stefan (2025) Non-parametric Causal Inference in Dynamic Thresholding Designs self0.64422100%
7Li, Shuangning and Wager, Stefan (2022) Network interference in micro-randomized trials self0.64422100%
8Bojinov, Iavor and Simchi-Levi, David and Zhao, Jinglong (2023) Design and analysis of switchback experiments0.51121100%
9Robins, James (1986) A new approach to causal inference in mortality studies with a sustained exposure period—application to control of the healthy w…0.51121100%
10Wager, Stefan (2026) Causal Inference: A Statistical Learning Approach self0.51121100%

Showing the top 10 of 33 scored citations.