arXiv 2 Apr 2026 · Econometrics
arXiv:2604.02293 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text
This paper proposes Covariate-Balanced Weighted Stacked Difference-in-Differences (CBWSDID), a design-based extension of weighted stacked DID for settings in which untreated trends may be conditionally rather than unconditionally parallel. The estimator separates within-subexperiment design adjustment from across-subexperiment aggregation: matching or weighting improves treated-control comparability within each stacked subexperiment, while the corrective stacked weights of Wing et al. recover the target aggregate ATT. I show that the same logic extends from absorbing treatment to repeated $0 \to 1$ and $1 \to 0$ episodes under a finite-memory assumption. The paper develops the identifying framework, discusses inference, presents simulation evidence, and illustrates the estimator in applications based on Trounstine (2020) and Acemoglu et al. (2019). Across these examples, CBWSDID serves as a bridge between weighted stacked DID and design-based panel matching. The accompanying R package cbwsdid is available on GitHub.
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The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.
| Reference | Intensity | Mentions | Sections | Main text | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wing, Coady, Seth M Freedman, and Alex Hollingsworth (2024) Stacked Difference-in-Differences | 1.000 | 8 | 3 | 100% |
| 2 | Imai, Kosuke, In Song Kim, and Erik H. Wang (2023) Matching Methods for Causal Inference with Time-Series Cross-Sectional Data | 1.000 | 7 | 4 | 100% |
| 3 | Callaway, Brantly, and Pedro HC Sant'Anna (2021) Difference-in-Differences with Multiple Time Periods | 0.843 | 3 | 3 | 100% |
| 4 | Trounstine, Jessica (2020) The Geography of Inequality: How Land Use Regulation Produces Segregation | 0.737 | 3 | 2 | 100% |
| 5 | Acemoglu, Daron, Suresh Naidu, Pascual Restrepo, and James A. Robinson (2019) Democracy Does Cause Growth | 0.644 | 2 | 2 | 100% |
| 6 | Chiu, Albert, Xingchen Lan, Ziyi Liu, and Yiqing Xu (2025) Causal Panel Analysis Under Parallel Trends: Lessons from a Large Reanalysis Study | 0.511 | 2 | 1 | 100% |
| 7 | Sun, Liyang, and Sarah Abraham (2021) Estimating Dynamic Treatment Effects in Event Studies with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects | 0.511 | 2 | 1 | 100% |
| 8 | Abadie, Alberto, and Guido W. Imbens (2008) On the Failure of the Bootstrap for Matching Estimators | 0.405 | 1 | 1 | 100% |
| 9 | Austin, Peter C, and Elizabeth A Stuart (2015) Moving Towards Best Practice When Using Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (IPTW) Using the Propensity Score to Estimate… | 0.405 | 1 | 1 | 100% |
| 10 | Hainmueller, Jens (2012) Entropy Balancing for Causal Effects: A Multivariate Reweighting Method to Produce Balanced Samples in Observational Studies | 0.405 | 1 | 1 | 100% |
Showing the top 10 of 12 scored citations.