Federico A. Bugni, Joel L. Horowitz, Linqi Zhang
arXiv 22 Feb 2026 · Econometrics
arXiv:2602.19154 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text
The BLP model is the workhorse framework in empirical IO and enables estimation of demand models for differentiated products using aggregate product shares. In practice, however, the share of the outside good is often unobserved. This paper studies identification and inference in the BLP model when the share of the outside good is unobserved. We show that the model is partially identified, and we derive sharp identified sets for structural parameters and equilibrium objects. We also develop inference procedures based on moment inequalities that deliver valid confidence sets for these structural parameters and equilibrium objects.
appendix boundary found by appendix_command · 75% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.
The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.
| Reference | Intensity | Mentions | Sections | Main text | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Andrews, D. W. K. and X. Shi (2013) Inference Based on Conditional Moment Inequalities | 1.000 | 9 | 3 | 100% |
| 2 | Chernozhukov, V., D. Chetverikov, and K. Kato (2015) Testing Many Moment Inequalities, Mimeo: MIT and UCLA and University of Tokyo | 0.874 | 7 | 2 | 100% |
| 3 | Molchanov, I. and F. Molinari (2018) Random Sets in Econometrics | 0.843 | 4 | 3 | 75% |
| 4 | Berry, S. T. and P. A. Haile (2021) Foundations of demand estimation, in | 0.644 | 4 | 1 | 100% |
| 5 | Berry, S., J. Levinson, and A. Pakes (1995) Automobile Prices in Market Equilibrium | 0.644 | 4 | 1 | 100% |
| 6 | Berry, S. T (1994) Estimating Discrete-Choice Models of Product Differentiation | 0.644 | 4 | 1 | 100% |
| 7 | Molchanov, I (2005) Theory of Random Sets | 0.511 | 3 | 2 | 33% |
| 8 | Zhang, L (2024) Identification and estimation of market size in discrete choice demand models, SSRN 4545848 self | 0.511 | 2 | 1 | 100% |
| 9 | Backus, M., C. Conlon, and M. Sinkinson (2021) Common ownership and competition in the ready-to-eat cereal industry, Tech | 0.405 | 1 | 1 | 100% |
| 10 | Berry, S., M. Carnall, and P. T. Spiller (2006) Airline hubs: costs, markups and the implications of customer heterogeneity | 0.405 | 1 | 1 | 100% |
Showing the top 10 of 27 scored citations.