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Generative modeling for the bootstrap

Leon Tran, Ting Ye, Peng Ding, Fang Han

arXiv 19 Feb 2026 · Statistics — Methodology

arXiv:2602.17052 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

Generative modeling builds on and substantially advances the classical idea of simulating synthetic data from observed samples. This paper shows that this principle is not only natural but also theoretically well-founded for bootstrap inference: it yields statistically valid confidence intervals that apply simultaneously to both regular and irregular estimators, including settings in which Efron's bootstrap fails. In this sense, the generative modeling-based bootstrap can be viewed as a modern version of the smoothed bootstrap: it could mitigate the curse of dimensionality and remain effective in challenging regimes where estimators may lack root-$n$ consistency or a Gaussian limit.

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54
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99
in-text mentions
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distinct cited
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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1van der Vaart, Aad W and Wellner, Jon A (1996) Weak Convergence and Empirical Processes: with Applications to Statistics1.00093100%
2van der Vaart, A. W (1998) Asymptotic Statistics1.00073100%
3Han, Qiyang and Kato, Kengo (2022) Berry-Esseen bounds for Chernoff-type nonstandard asymptotics in isotonic regression1.00073100%
4Efron, Bradley (1979) Bootstrap methods: another look at the jackknife0.81142100%
5Groeneboom, Piet and Jongbloed, Geurt (2024) Confidence intervals in monotone regression0.73732100%
6Irons, Nicholas J and Scetbon, Meyer and Pal, Soumik and Harchaoui,… (2022) Triangular flows for generative modeling: Statistical consistency, smoothness classes, and fast rates0.73732100%
7Sen, Bodhisattva and Banerjee, Moulinath and Woodroofe, Michael (2010) Inconsistency of bootstrap: The Grenander estimator0.73732100%
8Durrett, Richard (2019) Probability: Theory and Examples0.64441100%
9Billingsley, Patrick Convergence of Probability Measures0.64441100%
10Biau, Gérard and Cadre, Beno\^it and Sangnier, Maxime and Tanielian,… (2020) Some theoretical properties of GANs0.64422100%

Showing the top 10 of 54 scored citations.