EconBase
← All papers

Partial Identification under Stratified Randomization

Bruno Ferman, Davi Siqueira, Vitor Possebom

arXiv 18 Jan 2026 · Econometrics

arXiv:2601.12566 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

This paper develops a unified framework for partial identification and inference in stratified experiments with attrition, accommodating both equal and heterogeneous treatment shares across strata. For equal-share designs, we apply recent theory for finely stratified experiments to Lee bounds, yielding closed-form, design-consistent variance estimators and properly sized confidence intervals. Simulations show that the conventional formula can overstate uncertainty, while our approach delivers tighter intervals. When treatment shares differ across strata, we propose a new strategy, which combines inverse probability weighting and global trimming to construct valid bounds even when strata are small or unbalanced. We establish identification, introduce a moment estimator, and extend existing inference results to stratified designs with heterogeneous shares, covering a broad class of moment-based estimators which includes the one we formulate. We also generalize our results to designs in which strata are defined solely by observed labels.

Citation extraction

24
references
96
in-text mentions
24
distinct cited
0
self-citations
10,940
main-text words

appendix boundary found by appendix_command · 25% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.

Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Lee, D. S (2009) Training, wages, and sample selection: Estimating sharp bounds on treatment effects0.90916575%
2Bai, Y., J. Liu, A. M. Shaikh, and M. Tabord-Meehan (2025) On the efficiency of finely stratified experiments0.81032853%
3Newey, W. K. and D. McFadden (1994) Large sample estimation and hypothesis testing0.6445240%
4Bai, Y., J. Liu, and M. Tabord-Meehan (2024) Inference for matched tuples and fully blocked factorial designs0.5854325%
5Andrews, D. W (1992) Generic uniform convergence0.5114225%
6Bai, Y., J. P. Romano, and A. M. Shaikh (2022) Inference in experiments with matched pairs0.5112250%
7Hájek, J (1960) Limiting distributions in simple random sampling from a finite population0.5112250%
8Bruhn, M. and D. McKenzie (2009) In pursuit of balance: Randomization in practice in development field experiments0.51121100%
9Angrist, J., E. Bettinger, and M. Kremer (2006) Long-term educational consequences of secondary school vouchers: Evidence from administrative records in colombia0.40511100%
10Attanasio, O., A. Kugler, and C. Meghir (2011) Subsidizing vocational training for disadvantaged youth in colombia: Evidence from a randomized trial0.40511100%

Showing the top 10 of 24 scored citations.