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Technology Adoption and Network Externalities in Financial Systems: A Spatial-Network Approach

Tatsuru Kikuchi

arXiv 6 Jan 2026 · Econometrics

arXiv:2601.04246 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

This paper develops a unified framework for analyzing technology adoption in financial networks that incorporates spatial spillovers, network externalities, and their interaction. The framework characterizes adoption dynamics through a master equation whose solution admits a Feynman-Kac representation as expected cumulative adoption pressure along stochastic paths through spatial-network space. From this representation, I derive the Adoption Amplification Factor -- a structural measure of technology leadership that captures the ratio of total system-wide adoption to initial adoption following a localized shock. A Levy jump-diffusion extension with state-dependent jump intensity captures critical mass dynamics: below threshold, adoption evolves through gradual diffusion; above threshold, cascade dynamics accelerate adoption through discrete jumps. Applying the framework to SWIFT gpi adoption among 17 Global Systemically Important Banks, I find strong support for the two-regime characterization. Network-central banks adopt significantly earlier ($ρ= -0.69$, $p = 0.002$), and pre-threshold adopters have significantly higher amplification factors than post-threshold adopters (11.81 versus 7.83, $p = 0.010$). Founding members, representing 29 percent of banks, account for 39 percent of total system amplification -- sufficient to trigger cascade dynamics. Controlling for firm size and network position, CEO age delays adoption by 11-15 days per year.

Citation extraction

24
references
42
in-text mentions
24
distinct cited
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10,423
main-text words

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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Guimaraes, Bernardo, Caio Machado, and Ana E. Pereira (2020) Dynamic Coordination with Timing Frictions: Theory and Applications1.00083100%
2Katz, Michael L., and Carl Shapiro (1985) Network Externalities, Competition, and Compatibility1.00063100%
3Frankel, David, and Ady Pauzner (2000) Resolving Indeterminacy in Dynamic Settings: The Role of Shocks0.84333100%
4Arthur, W. Brian (1989) Competing Technologies, Increasing Returns, and Lock-In by Historical Events0.81142100%
5Crouzet, Nicolas, Apoorv Gupta, and Filippo Mezzanotti (2023) Shocks and Technology Adoption: Evidence from Electronic Payment Systems0.64422100%
6Acemoglu, Daron, Asuman Ozdaglar, and Alireza Tahbaz-Salehi (2015) Systemic Risk and Stability in Financial Networks0.40511100%
7Aiyagari, S. R (1994) Uninsured idiosyncratic risk and aggregate saving0.40511100%
8Allen, Franklin, and Douglas Gale (2000) Financial Contagion0.40511100%
9Buchak, Greg, Gregor Matvos, Tomasz Piskorski, and Amit Seru (2018) Fintech, Regulatory Arbitrage, and the Rise of Shadow Banks0.40511100%
10Burdzy, Krzysztof, David M. Frankel, and Ady Pauzner (2001) Fast Equilibrium Selection by Rational Players Living in a Changing World0.40511100%

Showing the top 10 of 24 scored citations.