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When and Why State-Dependent Local Projections Work

Valentin Winkler

arXiv 4 Jan 2026 · Econometrics

arXiv:2601.01622 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

This paper studies state-dependent local projections (LPs). First, I establish a general characterization of their estimand: under minimal assumptions, state-dependent LPs recover weighted averages of causal effects. This holds for essentially all specifications used in practice. Second, I show that state-dependent LPs and VARs target different estimands and propose a simple VAR-based estimator whose probability limit equals the LP estimand. Third, in instrumental variable (LP-IV) settings, state-dependent weighting can generate nonzero interaction terms, even when the effects are not state-dependent. Overall, this paper shows how to correctly interpret state-dependent LPs, clarifying their connection to VARs and highlighting a key source of LP-IV misinterpretation.

Citation extraction

69
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128
in-text mentions
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distinct cited
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main-text words

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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Michal Kolesár and Mikkel Plagborg-Møller (2024) Dynamic Causal Effects in a Nonlinear World: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly1.000135100%
2Mikkel Plagborg-Møller and Christian K. Wolf (2021) Local Projections and Vars Estimate the same Impulse Responses1.00053100%
3Ashesh Rambachan and Neil Shephard (2021) When do common time series estimands have nonparametric causal meaning?0.92843100%
4S\'ilvia Gon calves and Ana Mar\'ia Herrera and Lutz Kilian and Elen… (2024) State-dependent local projections0.91613677%
5Valerie A. Ramey and Sarah Zubairy (2018) Government Spending Multipliers in Good Times and in Bad: Evidence from US Historical Data0.8434375%
6Tomás E. Caravello and Pedro Mart\'inez Bruera (2024) Disentangline Sign and Size Non-Linearities0.84333100%
7Julian F. Ludwig (2024) Local Projections are VAR Predictions of Increasing Order0.81142100%
8Alan J. Auerbach and Yuriy Gorodnichenko (2013) Fiscal Policy after the Financial Crisis0.73732100%
9Alan J. Auerbach and Yuriy Gorodnichenko (2012) Measuring the Output Responses to Fiscal Policy0.6939333%
10Alan J. Auerbach and Yuriy Gorodnichenko (2013) Output spillovers from fiscal policy0.6443267%

Showing the top 10 of 69 scored citations.