Grace Lordan, Kaveh Salehzadeh Nobari
arXiv 1 Sep 2025 · Statistics — Methodology
arXiv:2509.01622 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text
Classical Manski bounds identify average treatment effects under minimal assumptions but, in finite samples, assume that latent conditional expectations are bounded by the sample's own extrema or that the population extrema are known a priori -- often untrue in firm-level data with heavy tails. We develop a finite-sample, concentration-driven band (concATE) that replaces that assumption with a Dvoretzky--Kiefer--Wolfowitz tail bound, combines it with delta-method variance, and allocates size via Bonferroni. The band extends to a group-sequential design that controls the family-wise error when the first “significant” diversity threshold is data-chosen. Applied to 945 listed firms (2015 Q2--2022 Q1), concATE shows that senior-level gender diversity raises Tobin's Q once representation exceeds approximately 30% in growth sectors and approximately 65% in cyclical sectors.
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The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.
| Reference | Intensity | Mentions | Sections | Main text | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Manski, Charles F (1990) Nonparametric bounds on treatment effects | 1.000 | 12 | 6 | 100% |
| 2 | Manski, Charles F (2003) Partial identification of probability distributions | 1.000 | 10 | 4 | 100% |
| 3 | Imbens, Guido W and Manski, Charles F (2004) Confidence intervals for partially identified parameters | 1.000 | 7 | 3 | 100% |
| 4 | Stoye, Jörg (2009) More on confidence intervals for partially identified parameters | 1.000 | 5 | 3 | 100% |
| 5 | Angrist, Joshua D and Pischke, Jörn-Steffen (2009) Mostly harmless econometrics: An empiricist's companion | 0.874 | 6 | 2 | 100% |
| 6 | Kanter, Rosabeth Moss (1977) Some effects of proportions on group life: Skewed sex ratios and responses to token women | 0.843 | 3 | 3 | 100% |
| 7 | Van Der Vaart, Aad W and Wellner, Jon A and van der Vaart, Aad W and… (1996) Weak convergence | 0.737 | 3 | 2 | 100% |
| 8 | Dvoretzky, Aryeh and Kiefer, Jack and Wolfowitz, Jacob (1956) Asymptotic minimax character of the sample distribution function and of the classical multinomial estimator | 0.644 | 2 | 2 | 100% |
| 9 | Josten, Cecily and Lordan, Grace (2025) What makes an individual inclusive of others? Development of the individual inclusiveness inventory self | 0.644 | 2 | 2 | 100% |
| 10 | Nishii, Lisa H (2013) The benefits of climate for inclusion for gender-diverse groups | 0.644 | 2 | 2 | 100% |
Showing the top 10 of 67 scored citations.