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A statistician's guide to weak-instrument-robust inference in instrumental variables regression with illustrations in Python

Malte Londschien

arXiv 17 Aug 2025 · Econometrics

arXiv:2508.12474 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

We provide an overview of results relating to estimation and weak-instrument-robust inference in instrumental variables regression. Methods are implemented in the ivmodels software package for Python, which we use to illustrate results.

Citation extraction

28
references
172
in-text mentions
28
distinct cited
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self-citations
43,817
main-text words

appendix boundary found by appendix_command · 87% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.

Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Staiger, D. O. and J. H. Stock (1997) Instrumental variables regression with weak instruments1.000136100%
2Guggenberger, P., F. Kleibergen, S. Mavroeidis, and L. Chen (2012) On the asymptotic sizes of subset Anderson–Rubin and Lagrange multiplier tests in linear instrumental variables regression1.000134100%
3Anderson, T. W (1951) Estimating linear restrictions on regression coefficients for multivariate normal distributions1.000113100%
4Cragg, J. G. and S. G. Donald (1997) Inferring the rank of a matrix1.00074100%
5Kleibergen, F (2021) Efficient size correct subset inference in homoskedastic linear instrumental variables regression0.96510490%
6Card, D (1995) Using geographic variation in college proximity to estimate the return to schooling0.95616688%
7Londschien, M. and P. Bühlmann (2024) Weak-instrument-robust subvector inference in instrumental variables regression: A subvector lagrange multiplier test and proper… self0.89922573%
8Moreira, M. J (2003) A conditional likelihood ratio test for structural models0.8947371%
9Scheidegger, C., M. Londschien, and P. Bühlmann (2025) A residual prediction test for the well-specification of linear instrumental variable models0.874162100%
10Kleibergen, F (2002) Pivotal statistics for testing structural parameters in instrumental variables regression0.87492100%

Showing the top 10 of 28 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1The exact distribution of the conditional likelihood-ratio test in instrumental variables regression1.00054
2Weak-instrument-robust subvector inference in instrumental variables regression: A subvector Lagrange multiplier test and properties of subvector Anderson-Rubin confidence sets0.941123