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Binary Response Forecasting under a Factor-Augmented Framework

Tingting Cheng, Jiachen Cong, Fei Liu, Xuanbin Yang

arXiv 22 Jul 2025 · Econometrics

arXiv:2507.16462 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel factor-augmented forecasting regression model with a binary response variable. We develop a maximum likelihood estimation method for the regression parameters and establish the asymptotic properties of the resulting estimators. Monte Carlo simulation results show that the proposed estimation method performs very well in finite samples. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed model through an application to U.S. recession forecasting. The proposed model consistently outperforms conventional Probit regression across both in-sample and out-of-sample exercises, by effectively utilizing high-dimensional information through latent factors.

Citation extraction

63
references
101
in-text mentions
63
distinct cited
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self-citations
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main-text words

appendix boundary found by appendix_command · 63% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.

Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Bai, J. and S. Ng (2002) Determining the number of factors in approximate factor models0.8947371%
2Bai, J. and S. Ng (2006) Confidence intervals for diffusion index forecasts and inference for factor-augmented regressions0.87472100%
3Gao, J., F. Liu, B. Peng, and Y. Yan (2023) Binary response models for heterogeneous panel data with interactive fixed effects0.8434375%
4Christiansen, C., J. N. Eriksen, and S. V. Mller (2014) Forecasting us recessions: The role of sentiment0.73732100%
5Kauppi, H. and P. Saikkonen (2008) Predicting us recessions with dynamic binary response models0.73732100%
6Bai, J (2003) Inferential theory for factor models of large dimensions0.6936250%
7Hannadige, S. B., J. Gao, M. J. Silvapulle, and P. S. and (2024) Forecasting a nonstationary time series using a mixture of stationary and nonstationary factors as predictors0.64441100%
8Chen, Q., Y. Hong, and H. Li (2024) Time-varying forecast combination for factor-augmented regressions with smooth structural changes0.64422100%
9Estrella, A. and F. S. Mishkin (1998) Predicting us recessions: Financial variables as leading indicators0.64422100%
10Yan, Y. and T. Cheng (2022) Factor-augmented forecasting regressions with threshold effects0.64422100%

Showing the top 10 of 63 scored citations.