Yuki Kawakubo, Kazuhiko Kakamu
arXiv 26 Jun 2025 · Econometrics
arXiv:2506.21213 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text
We propose a method for multilevel decomposition of generalized entropy (GE) measures that explicitly accounts for nested population structures such as national, regional, and subregional levels. Standard approaches that estimate GE separately at each level do not guarantee compatibility with multilevel decomposition. Our method constrains lower-level GE estimates to match higher-level benchmarks while preserving hierarchical relationships across layers. We apply the method to Japanese income data to estimate GE at the national, prefectural, and municipal levels, decomposing national inequality into between-prefecture and within-prefecture inequality, and further decomposing prefectural GE into between-municipality and within-municipality inequality.
appendix boundary found by appendix_command · 88% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.
The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.
| Reference | Intensity | Mentions | Sections | Main text | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chotikapanich, D., Griffiths, W.E., Rao, D.S.P. and Valencia, V (2012) Global income distributions and inequality, 1993 and 2000: incorporating country-level inequality modeled with beta distributions | 0.737 | 3 | 2 | 100% |
| 2 | Datta, G.S., Ghosh, M., Steorts, R. and Maples, J (2011) Bayesian benchmarking with applications to small area estimation | 0.737 | 3 | 2 | 100% |
| 3 | Kakamu, K. and Fukushige, M (2009) Multilevel decomposition methods for income inequality measures self | 0.737 | 3 | 2 | 100% |
| 4 | Lubrano, M. and Ndoye, A.A.J (2016) Income inequality decomposition using a finite mixture of log-normal distributions: A Bayesian approach | 0.737 | 3 | 2 | 100% |
| 5 | Moriguchi, C. and Saez, E (2008) The evolution of income concentration in Japan, 1886–2005: Evidence from income tax statistics | 0.585 | 3 | 1 | 100% |
| 6 | Piketty, T (2003) Income Inequality in France, 1901–1998 | 0.585 | 3 | 1 | 100% |
| 7 | Cowell, F.A. and Kuga, K (1981) Additivity and the entropy concept: An axiomatic approach to inequality measurement | 0.511 | 2 | 1 | 100% |
| 8 | Akita, T (2003) Decomposing regional income inequality in China and Indonesia using two-stage nested Theil decomposition method | 0.405 | 1 | 1 | 100% |
| 9 | Atkinson, A.B (1970) On the measurement of inequality | 0.405 | 1 | 1 | 100% |
| 10 | Anand, S. and Segal, P (2015) The global distribution of income, In: Atkinson, A.B | 0.405 | 1 | 1 | 100% |
Showing the top 10 of 28 scored citations.