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Can AI Master Econometrics? Evidence from Econometrics AI Agent on Expert-Level Tasks

Qiang Chen, Tianyang Han, Jin Li, Ye Luo, Yuxiao Wu, Xiaowei Zhang, Tuo Zhou

arXiv 1 Jun 2025 · Econometrics

arXiv:2506.00856 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

Can AI effectively perform complex econometric analysis traditionally requiring human expertise? This paper evaluates AI agents' capability to master econometrics, focusing on empirical analysis performance. We develop an “Econometrics AI Agent” built on the open-source MetaGPT framework. This agent exhibits outstanding performance in: (1) planning econometric tasks strategically, (2) generating and executing code, (3) employing error-based reflection for improved robustness, and (4) allowing iterative refinement through multi-round conversations. We construct two datasets from academic coursework materials and published research papers to evaluate performance against real-world challenges. Comparative testing shows our domain-specialized AI agent significantly outperforms both benchmark large language models (LLMs) and general-purpose AI agents. This work establishes a testbed for exploring AI's impact on social science research and enables cost-effective integration of domain expertise, making advanced econometric methods accessible to users with minimal coding skills. Furthermore, our AI agent enhances research reproducibility and offers promising pedagogical applications for econometrics teaching.

Citation extraction

51
references
53
in-text mentions
51
distinct cited
2
self-citations
8,312
main-text words

appendix boundary found by appendix_command · 97% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.

Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Hong, Sirui, Lin, Yizhang, Liu, Bang, Liu, Bangbang, Wu, Binhao, Zha… (2024) Data Interpreter: An LLM Agent For Data Science self0.64422100%
2Almond, D., Chay, K.Y., Lee, D.S (2005) The Costs of Low Birth Weight0.51121100%
3Abraham, J., Olbert, M., Vasvari, F (2024) ESG Disclosures in the Private Equity Industry0.40511100%
4Ahrens, Maximilian, Erdemlioglu, Deniz, McMahon, Michael, Neely, Chr… (2025) Mind your language: Market responses to central bank speeches0.40511100%
5Anderson, Michael (2008) Safety for whom? The effects of light trucks on traffic fatalities0.40511100%
6Armstrong, Daphne M., Glaeser, Stephen, Hoopes, Jeffrey L (2024) Measuring firm exposure to government agencies0.40511100%
7Balsmeier, Benjamin, Fleming, Lee, Stiebale, Joel, Veihl, Maria (2024) The Unintended Impact of R&D Tax Credits on Innovative Search0.40511100%
8Brynjolfsson, Erik, Li, Danielle, Raymond, Lindsey (2025) Generative AI at Work0.40511100%
9Bursztyn, Leonardo, Rao, Aakaash, Roth, Christopher, Yanagizawa-Drot… (2022) Opinions as Facts0.40511100%
10Card, D., Sullivan, D (1988) Measuring the Effect of Subsidized Training Programs on Movements In and Out of Employment0.40511100%

Showing the top 10 of 51 scored citations.