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On Selection of Cross-Section Averages in Non-stationary Environments

Jan Ditzen, Ovidijus Stauskas

arXiv 13 May 2025 · Econometrics · publishedJournal of Time Series Analysis (2025) · 2 citations (OpenAlex)

arXiv:2505.08615 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

Information criteria (IC) have been widely used in factor models to estimate an unknown number of latent factors. It has recently been shown that IC perform well in Common Correlated Effects (CCE) and related setups in selecting a set of cross-section averages (CAs) sufficient for the factor space under stationary factors. As CAs can proxy non-stationary factors, it is tempting to claim such generality of IC, too. We show formally and in simulations that IC have a severe underselection issue even under very mild forms of factor non-stationarity, which goes against the sentiment in the literature.

Citation extraction

28
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appendix boundary found by appendix_titled_section at “Supplement” · 26% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.

Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Bai, J. and Ng, S (2002) Determining the number of factors in approximate factor models1.00074100%
2Bai, J (2004) Estimating cross-section common stochastic trends in nonstationary panel data0.95616588%
3Westerlund, J (2018) Cce in panels with general unknown factors0.9285380%
4Magdalinos, T. and Phillips, P. C (2009) Limit theory for cointegrated systems with moderately integrated and moderately explosive regressors0.8746367%
5Juodis, A (2022) A regularization approach to common correlated effects estimation0.8435460%
6Stauskas, O (2023) Complete theory for cce under heterogeneous slopes and general unknown factors self0.7374350%
7Karabiyik, H., Reese, S., and Westerlund, J (2017) On the role of the rank condition in CCE estimation of factor-augmented panel regressions0.7373367%
8Pesaran, M (2006) Estimation and Inference in Large Heterogeneous Panels with a Multifactor Error Structure0.73732100%
9Margaritella, L. and Westerlund, J (2023) Using information criteria to select averages in cce0.64822427%
10De Vos, I. and Stauskas, O (2024) Cross-section bootstrap for cce regressions self0.55018317%

Showing the top 10 of 28 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1Robust Tests for Factor-Augmented Regressions with an Application to the Novel EA-MD-QD Dataset0.73733
2Interactive, Grouped and Non-separable Fixed Effects: A Practitioner's Guide to the New Panel Data Econometrics0.40511