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Inference in High-Dimensional Panel Models: Two-Way Dependence and Unobserved Heterogeneity

Kaicheng Chen

arXiv 26 Apr 2025 · Econometrics

arXiv:2504.18772 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

Panel data allows for the modeling of unobserved heterogeneity, significantly raising the number of nuisance parameters and making high dimensionality a practical issue. Meanwhile, temporal and cross-sectional dependence in panel data further complicates high-dimensional estimation and inference. This paper proposes a toolkit for high-dimensional panel models with large cross-sectional and time sample sizes. To reduce the dimensionality, I propose a weighted LASSO using two-way cluster-robust penalty weights. Although consistent, the convergence rate of LASSO is slow due to the cluster dependence, rendering inference challenging in general. Nevertheless, asymptotic normality can be established in a semiparametric moment-restriction model by leveraging a clustered-panel cross-fitting approach and, as a special case, in a partial linear model using the full sample. In a panel estimation of the government spending multiplier, I demonstrate how high dimensionality could be hidden and how the proposed toolkit enables flexible modeling and robust inference.

Citation extraction

37
references
134
in-text mentions
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distinct cited
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main-text words

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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Belloni, Alexandre and Chernozhukov, Victor and Hansen, Christian an… (2016) Inference in high-dimensional panel models with an application to gun control0.9568488%
2Chiang, Harold D. and Kato, Kengo and Ma, Yukun and Sasaki, Yuya (2022) Multiway cluster robust double/debiased machine learning0.9285480%
3Nakamura, Emi and Steinsson, Jón (2014) Fiscal stimulus in a monetary union: Evidence from US regions0.874112100%
4Chernozhukov, Victor and Karl Härdle, Wolfgang and Huang, Chen and W… (2021) Lasso-driven inference in time and space0.87452100%
5Belloni, Alexandre and Chen, Daniel and Chernozhukov, Victor and Han… (2012) Sparse models and methods for optimal instruments with an application to eminent domain0.84315460%
6Gao, Jiti and Peng, Bin and Yan, Yayi (2024) Robust Inference for High-Dimensional Panel Data Models0.81142100%
7Chernozhukov, Victor and Chetverikov, Denis and Demirer, Mert and Du… (2018) Double/debiased machine learning for treatment and structural parameters0.77313546%
8Semenova, Vira and Goldman, Matt and Chernozhukov, Victor and Taddy,… (2023) Inference on heterogeneous treatment effects in high‐dimensional dynamic panels under weak dependence0.7374350%
clarke2025doubleunmatched citation key clarke2025double0.73732100%
10Chen, Kaicheng and Vogelsang, Timothy J (2024) Fixed-b asymptotics for panel models with two-way clustering self0.71411436%

Showing the top 10 of 38 scored citations. 1 of these could not be matched to a bibliography entry, so only the citation key is shown.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1Cross-Fitting-Free Debiased Machine Learning with Multiway Dependence0.40511