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Identification and estimation of treatment effects in a linear factor model with fixed number of time periods

Koki Fusejima, Takuya Ishihara

arXiv 27 Mar 2025 · Econometrics

arXiv:2503.21763 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

This paper provides a new approach for identifying and estimating the Average Treatment Effect on the Treated under a linear factor model that allows for multiple time-varying unobservables. Unlike the majority of the literature on treatment effects in linear factor models, our approach does not require the number of pre-treatment periods to go to infinity to obtain a valid estimator. Our identification approach employs a certain nonlinear transformations of the time invariant observed covariates that are sufficiently correlated with the unobserved variables. This relevance condition can be checked with the available data on pre-treatment periods by validating the correlation of the transformed covariates and the pre-treatment outcomes. Based on our identification approach, we provide an asymptotically unbiased estimator of the effect of participating in the treatment when there is only one treated unit and the number of control units is large.

Citation extraction

16
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33
in-text mentions
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distinct cited
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main-text words

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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Imbens, G., N. Kallus, and X. Mao (2021) Controlling for Unmeasured Confounding in Panel Data Using Minimal Bridge Functions: From Two-Way Fixed Effects to Factor Models1.00064100%
2Brown, N. and K. Butts (2023) Dynamic Treatment Effect Estimation with Interactive Fixed Effects and Short Panels, Tech0.87472100%
3Callaway, B. and S. Karami (2022) Treatment effects in interactive fixed effects models with a small number of time periods0.81142100%
4Ahn, S. C., Y. H. Lee, and P. Schmidt (2013) Panel data models with multiple time-varying individual effects0.58531100%
5Ben-Israel, A. and T. N. Greville (2003) Generalized inverses: theory and applications0.51121100%
6Abadie, A. and J. Gardeazabal (2003) The economic costs of conflict: A case study of the Basque Country0.40511100%
7Abadie, A., A. Diamond, and J. Hainmueller (2010) Synthetic control methods for comparative case studies: Estimating the effect of California’s tobacco control program0.40511100%
8Abadie, A., A. Diamond, and J. Hainmueller (2015) Comparative politics and the synthetic control method0.40511100%
9Abadie, A (2021) Using synthetic controls: Feasibility, data requirements, and methodological aspects0.40511100%
10Callaway, B (2023) Difference-in-differences for policy evaluation0.40511100%

Showing the top 10 of 16 scored citations.