Riccardo Di Francesco, Giovanni Mellace
arXiv 17 Feb 2025 · Econometrics · publishedEconomics Letters (2025) · 2 citations (OpenAlex)
arXiv:2502.11691 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text
Causal inference methods such as instrumental variables, regression discontinuity, and difference-in-differences are widely used to identify and estimate treatment effects. However, when outcomes are qualitative, their application poses fundamental challenges. This paper highlights these challenges and proposes an alternative framework that focuses on well-defined and interpretable estimands. We show that conventional identification assumptions suffice for identifying the new estimands and outline simple, intuitive estimation strategies that remain fully compatible with conventional econometric methods. We provide an accompanying open-source R package, $causalQual$, which is publicly available on CRAN.
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The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.
| Reference | Intensity | Mentions | Sections | Main text | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Goodman-Bacon, Andrew (2021) Difference-in-differences with variation in treatment timing | 0.511 | 2 | 2 | 50% |
| 2 | Imbens, Guido W., Angrist, Joshua D (1994) Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects | 0.511 | 2 | 2 | 50% |
| 3 | Angrist, Joshua D, Imbens, Guido W, Rubin, Donald B (1996) Identification of causal effects using instrumental variables | 0.511 | 2 | 1 | 100% |
| 4 | Yamauchi, Soichiro (2020) Difference-in-differences for ordinal outcomes: Application to the effect of mass shootings on attitudes toward gun control | 0.511 | 2 | 1 | 100% |
| 5 | Borusyak, Kirill, Jaravel, Xavier, Spiess, Jann (2024) Revisiting Event-Study Designs: Robust and Efficient Estimation | 0.405 | 1 | 1 | 100% |
| 6 | ’t Hoff, Nadja, Lewbel, Arthur, Mellace, Giovanni Limited Monotonicity and the Combined Compliers LATE | 0.405 | 1 | 1 | 100% |
| 7 | Sun, Liyang, Abraham, Sarah (2021) Estimating Dynamic Treatment Effects in Event Studies with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects | 0.405 | 1 | 1 | 100% |
| 8 | Agresti, Alan, Kateri, Maria (2017) Ordinal probability effect measures for group comparisons in multinomial cumulative link models | 0.405 | 1 | 1 | 100% |
| 9 | Angrist, Joshua D (2022) Empirical strategies in economics: Illuminating the path from cause to effect | 0.405 | 1 | 1 | 100% |
| 10 | Athey, Susan, Imbens, Guido W (2006) Identification and inference in nonlinear difference-in-differences models | 0.405 | 1 | 1 | 100% |
Showing the top 10 of 37 scored citations.
arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.
| Citing paper | Intensity | Mentions | Sections | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Event-Study Designs for Discrete Outcomes under Transition Independence | 0.405 | 1 | 1 |