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Comparing latent inequality with ordinal data

David M. Kaplan, Wei Zhao

arXiv 9 Jan 2025 · Econometrics · publishedEconometrics Journal (2022) · 8 citations (OpenAlex)

arXiv:2501.05338 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

We propose new ways to compare two latent distributions when only ordinal data are available and without imposing parametric assumptions on the underlying continuous distributions. First, we contribute identification results. We show how certain ordinal conditions provide evidence of between-group inequality, quantified by particular quantiles being higher in one latent distribution than in the other. We also show how other ordinal conditions provide evidence of higher within-group inequality in one distribution than in the other, quantified by particular interquantile ranges being wider in one latent distribution than in the other. Second, we propose an "inner" confidence set for the quantiles that are higher for the first latent distribution. We also describe frequentist and Bayesian inference on features of the ordinal distributions relevant to our identification results. Our contributions are illustrated by empirical examples with mental health and general health.

Citation extraction

39
references
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in-text mentions
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distinct cited
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self-citations
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main-text words

appendix boundary found by appendix_command · 74% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.

Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Bond, T. N. and K. Lang (2019) The sad truth about happiness scales1.00063100%
2Allison, R. A. and J. E. Foster (2004) Measuring health inequality using qualitative data0.8434375%
3Armstrong, T. B. and S. Shen (2015) Inference on optimal treatment assignments0.64422100%
4Kaplan, D. M (2022) Inference on consensus ranking of distributions self0.64422100%
5Andrews, D. W. K. and P. J. Barwick (2012) Inference for parameters defined by moment inequalities: A recommended moment selection procedure0.5113233%
6Kaplan, D. M. and L. Zhuo (2021) Frequentist properties of Bayesian inequality tests self0.5113233%
Colpeunmatched citation key Colpe0.51121100%
Hiripiunmatched citation key Hiripi0.51121100%
Jenkinsunmatched citation key Jenkins0.51121100%
Kesslerunmatched citation key Kessler0.51121100%

Showing the top 10 of 105 scored citations. 4 of these could not be matched to a bibliography entry, so only the citation key is shown.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1Robust Ranking of Happiness Outcomes: A Median Regression Perspective0.40511