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Probabilistic Targeted Factor Analysis

Miguel C. Herculano, Santiago Montoya-Blandón

arXiv 9 Dec 2024 · Econometrics

arXiv:2412.06688 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

We develop a probabilistic variant of Partial Least Squares (PLS) we call Probabilistic Targeted Factor Analysis (PTFA), which can be used to extract common factors in predictors that are useful to predict a set of predetermined target variables. Along with the technique, we provide an efficient expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to learn the parameters and forecast the targets of interest. We develop a number of extensions to missing-at-random data, stochastic volatility, factor dynamics, and mixed-frequency data for real-time forecasting. In a simulation exercise, we show that PTFA outperforms PLS at recovering the common underlying factors affecting both features and target variables delivering better in-sample fit, and providing valid forecasts under contamination such as measurement error or outliers. Finally, we provide three applications in Economics and Finance where PTFA outperforms compared with PLS and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) at out-of-sample forecasting.

Citation extraction

57
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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Goyal, Amit and Welch, Ivo and Zafirov, Athanasse (2024) A Comprehensive 2022 Look at the Empirical Performance of Equity Premium Prediction0.87452100%
2Matteo Barigozzi and Matteo Luciani (2024) Quasi Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference of Large Approximate Dynamic Factor Models via the EM algorithm0.7373367%
3McCracken, Michael W. and Ng, Serena (2016) FRED-MD: A Monthly Database for Macroeconomic Research0.73732100%
4Wold, Herman (1975) Soft Modelling by Latent Variables: The Non-Linear Iterative Partial Least Squares (NIPALS) Approach0.73732100%
5Chan, Joshua and Koop, Gary and Poirier, Dale J. and Tobias, Justin L (2019) Bayesian Econometric Methods0.64422100%
6Doz, Catherine and Giannone, Domenico and Reichlin, Lucrezia (2012) A Quasi–Maximum Likelihood Approach for Large, Approximate Dynamic Factor Models0.64422100%
7Doz, Catherine and Giannone, Domenico and Reichlin, Lucrezia (2011) A two-step estimator for large approximate dynamic factor models based on Kalman filtering0.64422100%
8Groen, Jan J. J. and Kapetanios, George (2016) Revisiting useful approaches to data-rich macroeconomic forecasting0.64422100%
9Kelly, Bryan and Pruitt, Seth (2015) The three-pass regression filter: A new approach to forecasting using many predictors0.64422100%
10Welch, Ivo and Goyal, Amit (2007) A Comprehensive Look at The Empirical Performance of Equity Premium Prediction0.64422100%

Showing the top 10 of 57 scored citations.