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Difference-in-Differences with Time-varying Continuous Treatments using Double/Debiased Machine Learning

Michel F. C. Haddad, Martin Huber, Lucas Z. Zhang

arXiv 28 Oct 2024 · Econometrics

arXiv:2410.21105 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

We propose a difference-in-differences (DiD) method for a time-varying continuous treatment and multiple time periods. Our framework assesses the average treatment effect on the treated (ATET) when comparing two non-zero treatment doses. The identification is based on a conditional parallel trend assumption imposed on the mean potential outcome under the lower dose, given observed covariates and past treatment histories. We employ kernel-based ATET estimators for repeated cross-sections and panel data adopting the double/debiased machine learning framework to control for covariates and past treatment histories in a data-adaptive manner. We also demonstrate the asymptotic normality of our estimation approach under specific regularity conditions. In a simulation study, we find a compelling finite sample performance of undersmoothed versions of our estimators in setups with several thousand observations.

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47
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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Zhang, Lucas Z (2025) Continuous difference-in-differences with double/debiased machine learning self0.94112583%
2Chernozhukov, Victor and Chetverikov, Denis and Demirer, Mert and Du… (2018) Double/debiased machine learning for treatment and structural parameters0.9285480%
3de Chaisemartin, Clément and d'Haultfoeuille, Xavier and Pasquier, F… (2024) Difference-in-Differences for Continuous Treatments and Instruments with Stayers0.87452100%
4Hugo Bodory and Martin Huber (2018) The causalweight package for causal inference in R self0.73732100%
5Fricke, Hans (2017) Identification Based on Difference-in-Differences Approaches with Multiple Treatments0.64422100%
6Michael Zimmert (2020) Efficient Difference-in-Differences Estimation with High-Dimensional Common Trend Confounding0.64422100%
7Chang, Neng-Chieh (2020) Double/debiased machine learning for difference-in-differences models0.5112250%
8Chernozhukov, V. and Chetverikov, D. and Kato, K (2014) Gaussian approximation of suprema of empirical processes0.51121100%
9Chernozhukov, V. and Chetverikov, D. and Kato, K (2014) Anti-concentration and honest, adaptive confidence bands0.51121100%
10Fan, Q. and Hsu, Y. C.and Lieli, R. P. and Zhang, Y (2022) Estimation of conditional average treatment effects with high-dimensional data0.51121100%

Showing the top 10 of 47 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1Difference-in-differences for mediation analysis using double machine learning0.64422
2xtdml: Double Machine Learning Estimation to Static Panel Data Models with Fixed Effects in R0.51121
3Difference-in-Differences for Continuous Treatments and Instruments with Stayers0.40511
4An Introduction to Double/Debiased Machine Learning0.40511
5Dimension Reduction for Conditional Density Estimation with Applications to High-Dimensional Causal Inference0.40511