Tymon Słoczyński, S. Derya Uysal, Jeffrey M. Wooldridge
arXiv 28 Oct 2023 · Econometrics · 3 citations (OpenAlex)
arXiv:2310.18563 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text
How should researchers adjust for covariates? We show that if the propensity score is estimated using a specific covariate balancing approach, inverse probability weighting (IPW), augmented inverse probability weighting (AIPW), and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) estimators are numerically equivalent for the average treatment effect (ATE), and likewise for the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT). The resulting weights are inherently normalized, making normalized and unnormalized IPW and AIPW identical. We discuss implications for instrumental variables and difference-in-differences estimators and illustrate with two applications how these numerical equivalences simplify analysis and interpretation.
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The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.
| Reference | Intensity | Mentions | Sections | Main text | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sant'Anna and Zhao (2020) Doubly Robust Difference-in-Differences Estimators | 1.000 | 24 | 4 | 100% |
| 2 | Egel, Graham, and Pinto (2008) Inverse Probability Tilting and Missing Data Problems | 1.000 | 10 | 4 | 100% |
| 3 | Graham, Pinto, and Egel (2012) Inverse Probability Tilting for Moment Condition Models with Missing Data | 1.000 | 8 | 4 | 100% |
| 4 | Imai and Ratkovic (2014) Covariate Balancing Propensity Score | 1.000 | 8 | 3 | 100% |
| 5 | Graham, Pinto, and Egel (2016) Efficient Estimation of Data Combination Models by the Method of Auxiliary-to-Study Tilting (AST) | 1.000 | 7 | 3 | 100% |
| 6 | Hainmueller (2012) Entropy Balancing for Causal Effects: A Multivariate Reweighting Method to Produce Balanced Samples in Observational Studies | 1.000 | 6 | 3 | 100% |
| 7 | Aizer, Eli, Ferrie, and Lleras-Muney (2016) The Long-Run Impact of Cash Transfers to Poor Families | 0.874 | 9 | 2 | 100% |
| 8 | LaLonde (1986) Evaluating the Econometric Evaluations of Training Programs with Experimental Data | 0.874 | 6 | 2 | 100% |
| 9 | Callaway and Sant'Anna (2021) Difference-in-Differences with Multiple Time Periods | 0.874 | 5 | 2 | 100% |
| 10 | Soczyński (2022) Interpreting OLS Estimands When Treatment Effects Are Heterogeneous: Smaller Groups Get Larger Weights | 0.874 | 5 | 2 | 100% |
Showing the top 10 of 46 scored citations.
arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.
| Citing paper | Intensity | Mentions | Sections | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Potential weights and implicit causal designs in linear regression | 0.405 | 1 | 1 |