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Measuring income inequality via percentile relativities

Vytaras Brazauskas, Francesca Greselin, Ricardas Zitikis

arXiv 7 Aug 2023 · Statistics — Methodology · publishedQuality & Quantity (2024) · 7 citations (OpenAlex)

arXiv:2308.03708 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

"The rich are getting richer" implies that the population income distributions are getting more right skewed and heavily tailed. For such distributions, the mean is not the best measure of the center, but the classical indices of income inequality, including the celebrated Gini index, are all mean-based. In view of this, Professor Gastwirth sounded an alarm back in 2014 by suggesting to incorporate the median into the definition of the Gini index, although noted a few shortcomings of his proposed index. In the present paper we make a further step in the modification of classical indices and, to acknowledge the possibility of differing viewpoints, arrive at three median-based indices of inequality. They avoid the shortcomings of the previous indices and can be used even when populations are ultra heavily tailed, that is, when their first moments are infinite. The new indices are illustrated both analytically and numerically using parametric families of income distributions, and further illustrated using capital incomes coming from 2001 and 2018 surveys of fifteen European countries. We also discuss the performance of the indices from the perspective of income transfers.

Citation extraction

22
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distinct cited
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appendix boundary found by appendix_command · 85% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.

Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Gastwirth, J.L (2014) Median-based measures of inequality: reassessing the increase in income inequality in the U.S0.73732100%
2EU-SILC (2018) EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions0.69361100%
3ECHP (2001) European Community Household Panel0.69361100%
4Davydov, Y. and Greselin, F (2020) Comparisons between poorest and richest to measure inequality self0.64422100%
5Kleiber, C. and Kotz, S (2003) Statistical Size Distributions in Economics and Actuarial Sciences0.58531100%
6Atkinson, A.B. and Bourguignon, B (2000) Handbook of Income Distribution0.40511100%
7Atkinson, A.B. and Bourguignon, B (2015) Handbook of Income Distribution0.40511100%
8Bennett, C.J. and Zitikis, R (2015) Ignorance, lotteries, and measures of economic inequality self0.40511100%
9Yitzhaki, S. and Schechtman, E (2013) The Gini Methodology0.40511100%
10Amiel, Y. and Cowell, F (1999) Thinking about Inequality0.40511100%

Showing the top 10 of 22 scored citations.