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Supervised Dynamic PCA: Linear Dynamic Forecasting with Many Predictors

Zhaoxing Gao, Ruey S. Tsay

arXiv 15 Jul 2023 · Econometrics · publishedJournal of the American Statistical Association (2024) · 6 citations (OpenAlex)

arXiv:2307.07689 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel dynamic forecasting method using a new supervised Principal Component Analysis (PCA) when a large number of predictors are available. The new supervised PCA provides an effective way to bridge the gap between predictors and the target variable of interest by scaling and combining the predictors and their lagged values, resulting in an effective dynamic forecasting. Unlike the traditional diffusion-index approach, which does not learn the relationships between the predictors and the target variable before conducting PCA, we first re-scale each predictor according to their significance in forecasting the targeted variable in a dynamic fashion, and a PCA is then applied to a re-scaled and additive panel, which establishes a connection between the predictability of the PCA factors and the target variable. Furthermore, we also propose to use penalized methods such as the LASSO approach to select the significant factors that have superior predictive power over the others. Theoretically, we show that our estimators are consistent and outperform the traditional methods in prediction under some mild conditions. We conduct extensive simulations to verify that the proposed method produces satisfactory forecasting results and outperforms most of the existing methods using the traditional PCA. A real example of predicting U.S. macroeconomic variables using a large number of predictors showcases that our method fares better than most of the existing ones in applications. The proposed method thus provides a comprehensive and effective approach for dynamic forecasting in high-dimensional data analysis.

Citation extraction

36
references
133
in-text mentions
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distinct cited
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self-citations
24,771
main-text words

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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Huang, Jiang, Li, Tong, and Zhou (2022) Scaled PCA: A new approach to dimension reduction1.000365100%
2Stock and Watson (2002) Forecasting Using Principal Components From a Large Number of Predictors1.000235100%
3Stock and Watson (2002) Macroeconomic Forecasting Using Diffusion Indexes1.000113100%
4Bai and Ng (2023) Approximate Factor Models with Weaker Loadings1.000103100%
5McCracken and Ng (2016) FRED-MD: A monthly database for macroeconomic research0.874112100%
6Bai and Ng (2006) Confidence intervals for diffusion index forecasts and inference with factor-augmented regressions0.73732100%
7Fan, Liao, and Mincheva (2013) Large covariance estimation by thresholding principal orthogonal complements0.73732100%
8Bai and Ng (2002) Determining the number of factors in approximate factor models0.64441100%
9Bai and Ng (2013) Principal components estimation and identification of static factors0.64422100%
10Bühlmann and Van De Geer (2011) Statistics for High-Dimensional Data: Methods, Theory and Applications0.64422100%

Showing the top 10 of 36 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1A Supervised Screening and Regularized Factor-Based Method for Time Series Forecasting0.92843
2Sparse Asymptotic PCA: Identifying Sparse Latent Factors Across Time Horizon in High-Dimensional Time Series0.73733
3Optimal Bias-Correction and Valid Inference in High-Dimensional Ridge Regression: A Closed-Form Solution0.64441
4Forward Regression via Gram–Schmidt Orthogonalization for Ultra-High Dimensional Linear Models0.51121
5Diffusion Index Forecasting with Tensor Data0.51121
6High-Dimensional Matrix-Variate Diffusion Index Models for Time Series Forecasting0.40511
7High-Dimensional Spatial Arbitrage Pricing Theory with Heterogeneous Interactions0.40511