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The Chained Difference-in-Differences

Christophe Bellégo, David Benatia, Vincent Dortet-Bernardet

arXiv 3 Jan 2023 · Econometrics · publishedJournal of Econometrics (2024) · 7 citations (OpenAlex)

arXiv:2301.01085 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

This paper studies the identification, estimation, and inference of long-term (binary) treatment effect parameters when balanced panel data is not available, or consists of only a subset of the available data. We develop a new estimator: the chained difference-in-differences, which leverages the overlapping structure of many unbalanced panel data sets. This approach consists in aggregating a collection of short-term treatment effects estimated on multiple incomplete panels. Our estimator accommodates (1) multiple time periods, (2) variation in treatment timing, (3) treatment effect heterogeneity, (4) general missing data patterns, and (5) sample selection on observables. We establish the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator and discuss identification and efficiency gains in comparison to existing methods. Finally, we illustrate its relevance through (i) numerical simulations, and (ii) an application about the effects of an innovation policy in France.

Citation extraction

58
references
121
in-text mentions
58
distinct cited
1
self-citations
15,338
main-text words

appendix boundary found by appendix_command · 54% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.

Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Alberto Abadie (2005) Semiparametric Difference-in-Differences Estimators0.9568388%
2Pierre Hoonhout \ Geert Ridder (2019) Nonignorable Attrition in Multi-period Panels with Refreshment Samples0.9285380%
3Kirill Borusyak, Xavier Jaravel \ Jann Spiess (2021) Revisiting Event Study Designs: Robust and Efficient Estimation0.87472100%
4Jeffrey M Wooldridge (2021) Two-way Fixed Effects, the Two-Way Mundlak Regression, and Difference-in-Differences Estimators0.87452100%
5Brantly Callaway \ Pedro H.C. Sant'Anna (2021) Difference-in-Differences with Multiple Time Periods0.81524354%
6Clément de Chaisemartin \ Xavier D'Haultfuille (2020) Two-Way Fixed Effects Estimators with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects0.73732100%
7Keisuke Hirano, Guido W Imbens, Geert Ridder \ Donald B Rubin (2001) Combining Panel Data Sets with Attrition and Refreshment Samples0.73732100%
8David T Frazier \ Eric Renault (2017) Efficient Two-Step Estimation via Targeting0.64422100%
9Badi H. Baltagi \ Seuck Heun Song (2006) Unbalanced Panel Data: A Survey0.58531100%
10Clément de Chaisemartin \ Xavier D'Haultfuille (2023) Two-Way Fixed Effects and Difference-in-Differences Estimators with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects and Imperfect Parallel Trends0.58531100%

Showing the top 10 of 58 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1Environmental Policy and Firm Performance in Europe: A Difference-in-Differences Approach with Spillovers0.860114
2Efficient Difference-in-Differences Estimation when Outcomes are Missing at Random0.40511
3Difference-in-differences with as few as two cross-sectional units – A new perspective to the democracy–growth debate0.00011