EconBase
← All papers

A projection based approach for interactive fixed effects panel data models

Georg Keilbar, Juan M. Rodriguez-Poo, Alexandra Soberon, Weining Wang

arXiv 27 Jan 2022 · Econometrics · publishedEconometric Reviews (2025)

arXiv:2201.11482 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

This paper introduces a straightforward sieve-based approach for estimating and conducting inference on regression parameters in panel data models with interactive fixed effects. The method's key assumption is that factor loadings can be decomposed into an unknown smooth function of individual characteristics plus an idiosyncratic error term. Our estimator offers advantages over existing approaches by taking a simple partial least squares form, eliminating the need for iterative procedures or preliminary factor estimation. In deriving the asymptotic properties, we discover that the limiting distribution exhibits a discontinuity that depends on how well our basis functions explain the factor loadings, as measured by the variance of the error factor loadings. This finding reveals that conventional “plug-in” methods using the estimated asymptotic covariance can produce excessively conservative coverage probabilities. We demonstrate that uniformly valid non-conservative inference can be achieved through the cross-sectional bootstrap method. Monte Carlo simulations confirm the estimator's strong performance in terms of mean squared error and good coverage results for the bootstrap procedure. We demonstrate the practical relevance of our methodology by analyzing growth rate determinants across OECD countries.

Citation extraction

46
references
83
in-text mentions
46
distinct cited
0
self-citations
10,620
main-text words

appendix boundary found by appendix_command · 55% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.

Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Bai, J (2009) Panel data models with interactive fixed effects1.00063100%
2Fan, J., Y. Liao, and W. Wang (2016) Projected principal component analysis in factor models0.86011364%
3Fernández-Val, I., W. Y. Gao, Y. Liao, and F. Vella (2022) Dynamic heterogeneous distribution regression panel models, with an application to labor income processes, SSRN Electronic Journal0.8434375%
4Zhang, L., W. Zhou, and H. Wang (2021) A semiparametric latent factor model for large scale temporal data with heteroscedasticity0.81142100%
5Lu, X. and L. Su (2016) Shrinkage estimation of dynamic panel data models with interactive fixed effects0.81142100%
6Liao, Y. and X. Yang (2018) Uniform Inference and Prediction for Conditional Factor Models with Instrumental and Idiosyncratic Betas, Departamental Working…0.73732100%
7Connor, G. and O. Linton (2007) Semiparametric estimation of a characteristic-based factor model of stock returns0.64422100%
8Pesaran, M. H (2006) Estimation and inference in large heterogeneous panels with a multifactor error structure0.64422100%
9Kapetanios, G (2008) A bootstrap procedure for panel data sets with many cross-sectional units0.64422100%
10Lu, X. and L. Su (2023) Uniform inference in linear panel data models with two-dimensional heterogeneity0.64422100%

Showing the top 10 of 46 scored citations.