Haoge Chang, Joel Middleton, P. M. Aronow
arXiv 16 Oct 2021 · Statistics — Methodology · publishedEconometrica (2024) · 6 citations (OpenAlex)
arXiv:2110.08425 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text
In an influential critique of empirical practice, Freedman (2008) showed that the linear regression estimator was biased for the analysis of randomized controlled trials under the randomization model. Under Freedman's assumptions, we derive exact closed-form bias corrections for the linear regression estimator with and without treatment-by-covariate interactions. We show that the limiting distribution of the bias corrected estimator is identical to the uncorrected estimator, implying that the asymptotic gains from adjustment can be attained without introducing any risk of bias. Taken together with results from Lin (2013), our results show that Freedman's theoretical arguments against the use of regression adjustment can be completely resolved with minor modifications to practice.
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The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.
| Reference | Intensity | Mentions | Sections | Main text | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Winston Lin (2013) Agnostic notes on regression adjustments to experimental data: Reexamining freedman’s critique | 1.000 | 11 | 5 | 100% |
| 2 | David A Freedman (2008) aon regression adjustments to experimental data | 1.000 | 6 | 4 | 100% |
| 3 | David A Freedman (2008) bon regression adjustments in experiments with several treatments | 0.843 | 4 | 4 | 75% |
| 4 | Guido W Imbens (2010) Better late than nothing: Some comments on deaton (2009) and heckman and urzua (2009) | 0.644 | 2 | 2 | 100% |
| 5 | Guido W Imbens and Donald B Rubin (2015) Causal inference in statistics, social, and biomedical sciences | 0.644 | 2 | 2 | 100% |
| 6 | Jerzy Splawa-Neyman, Dorota M Dabrowska, and TP Speed (1923) On the application of probability theory to agricultural experiments. essay on principles. section 9 | 0.644 | 2 | 2 | 100% |
| 7 | James Pustejovsky (2021) clubSandwich: Cluster-Robust (Sandwich) Variance Estimators with Small-Sample Corrections, 2021 | 0.536 | 13 | 2 | 23% |
| 8 | Joshua Angrist, Daniel Lang, and Philip Oreopoulos (2009) Incentives and services for college achievement: Evidence from a randomized trial | 0.511 | 2 | 1 | 100% |
| 9 | Peter M Aronow and Joel A Middleton (2013) A class of unbiased estimators of the average treatment effect in randomized experiments self | 0.511 | 2 | 1 | 100% |
| 10 | Edward Wu and Johann A Gagnon-Bartsch (2018) The loop estimator: Adjusting for covariates in randomized experiments | 0.511 | 2 | 1 | 100% |
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arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.