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Learning Causal Models from Conditional Moment Restrictions by Importance Weighting

Masahiro Kato, Masaaki Imaizumi, Kenichiro McAlinn, Haruo Kakehi, Shota Yasui

arXiv 3 Aug 2021 · Econometrics

arXiv:2108.01312 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

We consider learning causal relationships under conditional moment restrictions. Unlike causal inference under unconditional moment restrictions, conditional moment restrictions pose serious challenges for causal inference, especially in high-dimensional settings. To address this issue, we propose a method that transforms conditional moment restrictions to unconditional moment restrictions through importance weighting, using a conditional density ratio estimator. Using this transformation, we successfully estimate nonparametric functions defined under conditional moment restrictions. Our proposed framework is general and can be applied to a wide range of methods, including neural networks. We analyze the estimation error, providing theoretical support for our proposed method. In experiments, we confirm the soundness of our proposed method.

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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Jason Hartford, Greg Lewis, Kevin Leyton-Brown, and Matt Taddy (2017) Deep IV: A flexible approach for counterfactual prediction0.9619589%
2Nishanth Dikkala, Greg Lewis, Lester Mackey, and Vasilis Syrgkanis (2020) Minimax estimation of conditional moment models0.9209478%
3Liyuan Xu, Yutian Chen, Siddarth Srinivasan, Nando de Freitas, Arnau… (2021) Learning deep features in instrumental variable regression0.8746467%
4Chunrong Ai and Xiaohong Chen (2003) Efficient estimation of models with conditional moment restrictions containing unknown functions0.85727763%
5Taisuke Otsu (2011) Empirical likelihood estimation of conditional moment restriction models with unknown functions0.84333100%
6Andrew Bennett, Nathan Kallus, and Tobias Schnabel (2019) Deep generalized method of moments for instrumental variable analysis0.7373367%
7Rahul Singh, Maneesh Sahani, and Arthur Gretton (2019) Kernel instrumental variable regression0.7373367%
8Whitney K. Newey and James L. Powell (2003) Instrumental variable estimation of nonparametric models0.72429538%
9Xiaohong Chen and Demian Pouzo (2012) Estimation of nonparametric conditional moment models with possibly nonsmooth generalized residuals0.6936250%
10Arthur Lewbel (2007) A local generalized method of moments estimator0.64422100%

Showing the top 10 of 61 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1Conformal Prediction for Nonparametric Instrumental Regression0.94164
2Minimax Instrumental Variable Regression and $L_2$ Convergence Guarantees without Identification or Closedness0.40511
3Fast and Adaptive Rates for Regularized DeepIV0.40511
4Direct Debiased Machine Learning via Bregman Divergence Minimization0.40511