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Interpretable Neural Networks for Panel Data Analysis in Economics

Yucheng Yang, Zhong Zheng, Weinan E

arXiv 11 Oct 2020 · Econometrics

arXiv:2010.05311 · PDF · Extracted main text

Abstract

The lack of interpretability and transparency are preventing economists from using advanced tools like neural networks in their empirical research. In this paper, we propose a class of interpretable neural network models that can achieve both high prediction accuracy and interpretability. The model can be written as a simple function of a regularized number of interpretable features, which are outcomes of interpretable functions encoded in the neural network. Researchers can design different forms of interpretable functions based on the nature of their tasks. In particular, we encode a class of interpretable functions named persistent change filters in the neural network to study time series cross-sectional data. We apply the model to predicting individual's monthly employment status using high-dimensional administrative data. We achieve an accuracy of 94.5% in the test set, which is comparable to the best performed conventional machine learning methods. Furthermore, the interpretability of the model allows us to understand the mechanism that underlies the prediction: an individual's employment status is closely related to whether she pays different types of insurances. Our work is a useful step towards overcoming the black-box problem of neural networks, and provide a new tool for economists to study administrative and proprietary big data.

Citation extraction

25
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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1W James Murdoch, Chandan Singh, Karl Kumbier, Reza Abbasi-Asl, and B… (2019) Definitions, methods, and applications in interpretable machine learning0.92843100%
2Shuaizhang Feng, Yingyao Hu, and Robert Moffitt (2017) Long run trends in unemployment and labor force participation in urban China0.64422100%
3Victor Chernozhukov, Denis Chetverikov, Mert Demirer, Esther Duflo,… (2018) Double/debiased machine learning for treatment and structural parameters, 20180.51121100%
4Jon Kleinberg, Himabindu Lakkaraju, Jure Leskovec, Jens Ludwig, and… (2018) Human decisions and machine predictions0.51121100%
5Sendhil Mullainathan and Jann Spiess (2017) Machine learning: an applied econometric approach0.51121100%
6Alberto Abadie (2019) Using synthetic controls: Feasibility, data requirements, and methodological aspects0.40511100%
7Joshua D Angrist and Jörn-Steffen Pischke (2008) Mostly harmless econometrics: An empiricist's companion0.40511100%
8Susan Athey (2018) The impact of machine learning on economics0.40511100%
9Susan Athey, Mohsen Bayati, Nikolay Doudchenko, Guido Imbens, and Kh… (2018) Matrix completion methods for causal panel data models0.40511100%
10Alessandro Casini and Pierre Perron (2018) Structural breaks in time series0.40511100%

Showing the top 10 of 25 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1HMM-LSTM Fusion Model for Economic Forecasting0.51121