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Simpler Proofs for Approximate Factor Models of Large Dimensions

Jushan Bai, Serena Ng

arXiv 1 Aug 2020 · Econometrics · 3 citations (OpenAlex)

arXiv:2008.00254 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

Estimates of the approximate factor model are increasingly used in empirical work. Their theoretical properties, studied some twenty years ago, also laid the ground work for analysis on large dimensional panel data models with cross-section dependence. This paper presents simplified proofs for the estimates by using alternative rotation matrices, exploiting properties of low rank matrices, as well as the singular value decomposition of the data in addition to its covariance structure. These simplifications facilitate interpretation of results and provide a more friendly introduction to researchers new to the field. New results are provided to allow linear restrictions to be imposed on factor models.

Citation extraction

34
references
52
in-text mentions
34
distinct cited
1
self-citations
9,976
main-text words

appendix boundary found by appendix_titled_section at “Appendix” · 96% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.

Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Bai and Ng (2002) Determining the Number of Factors in Approximate Factor Models, Econometrica 70:1, 191–2211.00084100%
2Bai (2003) Inferential Theory for Factor Models of Large Dimensions, Econometrica 71:1, 135–172 self0.92844100%
3Bai and Ng (2019) Regularized Estimation of Approximate Factor Models, Journal of Econometrics 78-96, 212:10.84333100%
4Anderson and Rubin (1956) Statistical Inference in Factor Analysis, in J. Neyman (ed.), Proceedings of the Third Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statis…0.73732100%
5Chamberlain and Rothschild (1983) Arbitrage, Factor Structure and Mean-Variance Analysis in Large Asset Markets, Econometrica 51, 1281–23040.64422100%
6Stock and Watson (1998) Diffusion Indexes, NBER Working Paper 67020.64422100%
7Stock and Watson (2002) Forecasting Using Principle Components from a Large Number of Predictors, Journal of American Statistical Association 97(460), 1…0.64422100%
8Cattell (1966) The Scree Test for the Number of Factors, Multivariate Behavioral Research 1, 245–2760.51121100%
9Ahn and Horenstein (2013) Eigenvalue Ratio Test for the Number of Factors, Econometrica 81:3, 1203–12270.40511100%
10Bai and Wang (2014) Identification Theory for High Dimensional Static and Dynamic Factor Models, Journal of Econometrics 178(2), 794–8040.40511100%

Showing the top 10 of 34 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1Principal Component Analysis .3cm for High-Dimensional Approximate Factor Models in Time Series: Assumptions, Asymptotic Theory, and Identification1.00063
2Low-rank Panel Quantile Regression: Estimation and Inference0.51152
3Factor Models with Sparse VAR Idiosyncratic Components0.51121
4Quasi Maximum Likelihood Estimation of High-Dimensional Factor Models: A Critical Review0.40511
5Actually, There is No Rotational Indeterminacy in the Approximate Factor Model0.40511