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Synthetic Control Inference for Staggered Adoption: Estimating the Dynamic Effects of Board Gender Diversity Policies

Jianfei Cao, Shirley Lu

arXiv 13 Dec 2019 · Econometrics · 5 citations (OpenAlex)

arXiv:1912.06320 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

We introduce a synthetic control methodology to study policies with staggered adoption. Many policies, such as the board gender quota, are replicated by other policy setters at different time frames. Our method estimates the dynamic average treatment effects on the treated using variation introduced by the staggered adoption of policies. Our method gives asymptotically unbiased estimators of many interesting quantities and delivers asymptotically valid inference. By using the proposed method and national labor data in Europe, we find evidence that quota regulation on board diversity leads to a decrease in part-time employment, and an increase in full-time employment for female professionals.

Citation extraction

34
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48
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35
distinct cited
2
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5,590
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appendix boundary found by appendix_command · 67% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.

Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Callaway, Brantly and Sant'Anna, Pedro HC (2021) Difference-in-Differences with Multiple Time Periods0.81142100%
2Cao, Jianfei and Dowd, Connor (2019) Estimation and Inference for Synthetic Control Methods with Spillover Effects self0.5113233%
3Ahern, Kenneth R. and Dittmar, Amy K (2012) The changing of the boards: The impact on firm valuation of mandated female board representation0.51121100%
4Andrews, Donald W. K (2003) End-of-Sample Instability Tests0.51121100%
5Bertrand, Marianne and Black, Sandra E and Jensen, Sissel and Lleras… (2018) Breaking the Glass Ceiling? The Effect of Board Quotas on Female Labour Market Outcomes in Norway0.51121100%
6De Chaisemartin, Clément and d'Haultfoeuille, Xavier (2020) Two-Way Fixed Effects Estimators with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects0.51121100%
7Donohue, John J. and Aneja, Abhay and Weber, Kyle D (2019) Right-to-Carry Laws and Violent Crime: A Comprehensive Assessment Using Panel Data and a State-Level Synthetic Control Analysis0.51121100%
8Goodman-Bacon, Andrew (2021) Difference-in-Differences with Variation in Treatment Timing0.51121100%
9Powell, David (2022) Synthetic Control Estimation Beyond Comparative Case Studies: Does the Minimum Wage Reduce Employment?0.51121100%
10Sun, Liyang and Abraham, Sarah (2021) Estimating Dynamic Treatment Effects in Event Studies with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects0.51121100%

Showing the top 10 of 35 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1Synthetic Controls with Staggered Adoption0.64422