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Clustering and External Validity in Randomized Controlled Trials

Antoine Deeb, Clément de Chaisemartin

arXiv 2 Dec 2019 · Econometrics · 3 citations (OpenAlex)

arXiv:1912.01052 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

The randomization inference literature studying randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assumes that units' potential outcomes are deterministic. This assumption is unlikely to hold, as stochastic shocks may take place during the experiment. In this paper, we consider the case of an RCT with individual-level treatment assignment, and we allow for individual-level and cluster-level (e.g. village-level) shocks. We show that one can draw inference on the ATE conditional on the realizations of the cluster-level shocks, using heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors, or on the ATE netted out of those shocks, using cluster-robust standard errors.

Citation extraction

29
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67
in-text mentions
29
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8,922
main-text words

appendix boundary found by appendix_titled_section at “Appendix, not for publication” · 56% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.

Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Cole, S., X. Giné, J. Tobacman, P. Topalova, R. Townsend, and J. Vic… (2013) Barriers to household risk management: Evidence from india0.8947371%
2Rosenzweig, M. R. and C. Udry (2019, 03) (2019) External Validity in a Stochastic World: Evidence from Low-Income Countries0.874152100%
3Karlan, D., R. Osei, I. Osei-Akoto, and C. Udry (2014) Agricultural decisions after relaxing credit and risk constraints0.87492100%
4Neyman, J (1923) On the application of probability theory to agricultural experiments. essay on principles. section 90.8435360%
5Abadie, A., S. Athey, G. W. Imbens, and J. M. Wooldridge (2020) Sampling-based versus design-based uncertainty in regression analysis0.64422100%
6MacKinnon, J. G., M. . Nielsen, and M. D. Webb (2022) Cluster-robust inference: A guide to empirical practice0.64422100%
7Abadie, A., S. Athey, G. W. Imbens, and J. Wooldridge (2017) When should you adjust standard errors for clustering?0.58531100%
8Liu, R. Y. et al (1988) Bootstrap procedures under some non-iid models0.5112250%
9Riddell, C. and C. Riddell (2020) Interpreting experimental evidence in the presence of post-randomization events: A re-assessment of the self sufficiency project0.51121100%
10Bo, H. and S. Galiani (2019) Assessing external validity0.40511100%

Showing the top 10 of 29 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1ASSESSING INFERENCE METHODS0.40511
2Optimal Stratification of Survey Experiments0.40511
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